八种蜘蛛毒腺的形态学观察

楚雄师范学院学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (3): 43-50.

八种蜘蛛毒腺的形态学观察

许苹^1,2,5, 丁丽君^1,2,5, 杨燕³, 严长宝⁴, 杨月娥⁵, 杨自忠^1,2,5,*

1.大理大学云南省昆虫生物医药研发重点实验室,云南大理 671000;
2.大理大学药用特种昆虫开发国家地方联合工程研究中心,云南大理 671000;
3.云南省科学技术院,云南昆明 650000;
4.大理白族自治州人民医院,云南大理 671000;
5.大理大学药学院,云南大理 671000

收稿日期:2022-03-20 出版日期:2023-05-20 发布日期:2023-08-07
通讯作者: 杨自忠（1969–）,男,博士,教授,研究方向为药用昆虫及蛛形动物分类。E-mail: yangzzh69@163.com
作者简介:许苹 (1996–),女,硕士研究生,研究方向为昆虫和昆虫药。E-mail: xupingree@163.com
基金资助:
云南省应用基础研究重点项目（No. 2016FA012）; 云南省重大科技专项计划（No. 202002AA100007）

Morphological Observation of Venom Glands in Eight Species of Spiders

XU Ping^1,2,5, DING Lijun^1,2,5, YANG Yan³, YAN Changbao⁴, YANG Yuee⁵, YANG Zizhong^1,2,5,*

1. Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical R&D, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan Province 671000;
2. The National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Entomoceutics, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan Province 671000;
3. Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650000;
4. People's Hospital of Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Dali, Yunnan Province 671000;
5. College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan Province 671000

Received:2022-03-20 Online:2023-05-20 Published:2023-08-07

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了解原蛛类和新蛛类蜘蛛毒腺的形态学差异,为今后蜘蛛毒腺的进化和形态研究提供参考。本实验选择了原蛛类和新蛛类各四种蜘蛛,对其毒腺的大小、位置及其外部形态特征和内部结构进行观察和比较研究。观察发现新蛛类的毒腺分布在头胸部,原蛛类的毒腺则分布在螯基中;原蛛类前端有细长的毒液导管,与螯牙相连,而尾端呈锥形向后延伸,逐渐变细,形成索状结构,可能是毒腺导管或神经束的韧带;新蛛类有一条导管,从前端伸出,深入螯基并与螯牙相连,而远端钝圆,没有索状结构。毒腺的大小和形态存在显著差异;观察毒腺的内部结构显示：原蛛类的腺腔数目较多且紧密,新蛛类的腺腔较少而疏松。这一结果在一定程度上表明了蜘蛛毒腺的位置变化和形态结构可能与蜘蛛毒腺的进化存在着一定关系。

关键词: 蜘蛛毒腺, 原蛛类, 新蛛类, 形态学

Abstract: This experiment aims at understanding the morphological differences between the venom glands of the Mygalomorphae and Araneomorphae, and to provide a reference for future study of the evolution and morphology of spider venom glands. In this experiment, four species of Mygalomorphae and four spiders of Araneomorphae were selected for observation and comparison of the size, location, external morphological characteristics, and internal structure of their venom glands. The results showed that the venom glands of the Araneomorphae are usually located in the prosoma and are distributed symmetrically, while those of the Mygalomorphae are usually located in the chelicera; they have ducts in the apex and extension from the prosoma or chelicera to the fang, The free ends of the former are blunt and round without ducts, and the venom glands of the latter have tapered ends that are elongated and tapered back, creating a cord-like structure; Different species of spider venom glands vary in size and shape; Observation of the internal structure of the venom gland showed that the glandular cavities of the Mygalomorphae were more numerous and compact, and the glandular cavities of the Araneomorphae were less and loose. To a certain extent, this result indicates that the position change and morphological structure of spider venom glands may be related to the evolution of spider venom glands.

Key words: spider venom gland, Mygalomorphae, Araneomorphae, morphology

中图分类号:

Q959.226.2

许苹, 丁丽君, 杨燕, 严长宝, 杨月娥, 杨自忠. 八种蜘蛛毒腺的形态学观察[J]. 楚雄师范学院学报, 2023, 38(3): 43-50.

XU Ping, DING Lijun, YANG Yan, YAN Changbao, YANG Yuee, YANG Zizhong. Morphological Observation of Venom Glands in Eight Species of Spiders[J]. Journal of Chuxiong Normal University, 2023, 38(3): 43-50.

参考文献

[1] Bern.2023. World Spider Catalog. Version 24.0[EB/OL]. (2023-1-20) [2023-1-20]. http://wsc.nmbe.ch
[2] Lüddecke T, Herzig V, Von Reumont B M, et al. The biology and evolution of spider venoms[J]. Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, 2022, 97(1): 163-178.
[3] Schendel V, Rash L D, Jenner R A, et al. The diversity of venom: the importance of behavior and venom system morphology in understanding its ecology and evolution[J]. Toxins, 2019, 11(11): 1-22.
[4] Foelix R, Erb B.Mesothelae have venom glands[J]. Journal of Arachnology, 2010, 38(3): 596-598.
[5] 罗育发, 颜亨梅. 蜘蛛毒腺形态解剖的初步研究[J]. 激光生物学报, 2003, 12(02): 132-136.
LUO Y F, YAN H M.A preliminary study of morphological dissection of poison gland of spiders[J]. Actalaser Biology Sinica, 2003, 12(02): 132-136.
[6] Pekár S, Bočánek O, Michálek O, et al. Venom gland size and venom complexity — essential trophic adaptations of venomous predators: a case study using spiders[J]. Molecular Ecology, 2018, 27(21): 4257-4269.
[7] Çavuşoǧlu K, Bayram A, Maraş, M, et al. A Morphological Study on the Venom Apparatus of Spider Larinioides cornutus (Araneae, Araneidae)[J]. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 2005, 29(4): 351-356.
[8] Kovoor J, Muñoz-Cuevas A.Comparative histology of the venom glands in a lycosid and several oxyopid spiders (Araneae)[J]. Ekologia Bratislava, 2000, 19: 129-140.
[9] Rocha-E-Silva T, Collares-Buzato C B, Cruz-Höfling M A, et al. Venom apparatus of the Brazilian tarantula Vitaliusdubius Mello-Leitão 1923(Theraphosidae)[J]. Cell & Tissue Research, 2009, 335(3): 617-629.
[10] Santos V L P, Franco C R C, Viggiano R L L, et al. Structural and ultrastructural description of the venom gland of Loxosceles intermedia (brown spider)[J]. Toxicon, 2000, 38(2): 265-285.
[11] Silva L M, Botelho A C C, Alves L C, et al. Structural analysis of the venom glands of the armed spider Phoneutria nigriventer (Keyserling, 1891): Microanatomy, fine structure and confocal observations[J]. Toxicon, 2008, 51(4): 693-706.
[12] 宋大祥. 蜘蛛的生物学[J]. 河北大学学报(自然科学版), 2000, 20(03): 209-215.
SONG D X.Biology of spiders[J]. Journal of Hebei University (Natural Science Edition), 2000, 20(03): 209-215.
[13] 邱名浩, 厉洁, 刘娟. 家鸽石蜡组织切片质量的优化研究[J]. 德州学院学报, 2019, 35(04): 37-39+43.
QIU M H, LI J, LIU J. Short-term traffic volume forecasting of intersection based on LM neural network [J]. Journal of Dezhou University, 2019, 35(04): 37-39+43.