Historical thinking is the important ideological method and unique narrative style of the third historical Resolution, which presents, by adhering to and applying the logic rationale of historical thinking, a grand picture in four dimensions-longitude versus latitude, surface versus content, beginning versus ending and the present versus the future: 1) objectively reproducing the historical progress with the century-long painstaking work as longitude and the great achievements as latitude; 2) rationally interpreting the historical phenomena with factual judgment as surface and value evaluation as content; 3) profoundly grasping the historical laws with individual analysis as beginning and collective summarization as ending; and 4) accurately understanding the historical trend with reality reflection as the present and far-reaching vision as the future. Profound understanding of the logic rationale of historical thinking underlying the adherence and application of the historical thinking by the third historical Resolution can provide us with pivotal contemporary enlightenment on our efforts to strengthen historical self-consciousness, consolidate historical confidence, use historical wisdom and take historical initiative.

The Report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward the important proposition of “improving the normative system of the Party's self revolution system”. Improvement of the Party's self revolutionary institutional norms system inherently contains three implications: clarifying the value requirements of the institutional norms system, optimizing the content structure of the institutional norms system, and ensuring the efficient operation of the institutional norms system. To improve the normative system of self revolution, it is necessary to 1) clarify the value requirements of adhering to and strengthening the comprehensive leadership of the Party, adhere to the value concept of putting the people first, meet the practical needs of leading social revolution, and achieve the organic integration of revolutionary spirit and rule-of-law spirit; 2) optimize the content structure by constructing a vertical institutional hierarchy of scientific systems, improving a comprehensive and refined horizontal institutional layout, and establishing a dynamic guarantee mechanism that keeps pace with the times; and 3) forge a high-quality team of self revolutionary leaders, enhance the political courage and consciousness of self revolution, fully leverage the supervisory role of the people, and enrich and improve the technical map of self revolution to ensure efficient operation.

Although belonging to the culture and education categories respectively, folk literary works listed as intangible cultural heritage and sense of community for the Chinese nation are internally connected as the former, folk literature of minority ethnic groups in particular, contains such rich content of the latter as to be able to provide it with rich educational resources. This advantage and the multiple-channel introduction of folk literary works of intangible cultural heritage into campus can be of great significance for the education of sense of community for the Chinese nation in areas inhabited by minority ethnic groups in Yunnan Province.

A novel based on the historical story of the National Unity Oath Monument in Pu'er, Killing the Bull to Erect the Monument demonstrates robust cultural radiating force and national vitality. With clever writing skills to dynamically present the national spirit connotation embodied by the National Unity Oath Monument, the novel is the double presentation of historical facts and reality writing, the incarnation and inheritance of the national spirit based on the physical existence of the National Unity Oath Monument in Pu'er, and the vivid literary interpretation of the Chinese national community from the literary perspective.

The North Song Dynasty (960-1127) saw the emergence of a unique governance system foundamentally similar to the modern responsible government where a set of customary laws established by unwritten laws (ancestral laws) were promoted to courtly political codes. Meanwhile monarchs became figureheads of the state and the prime ministers had to invariably assume responsibility for any error in running the country. At the very beginning of the North Song Dynasty a series of political principles were established, including: 1) “scholars and bureaucrats sharing the country with the emperor” was an unchangeable political custom while “monarch acting as the figurehead while prime minister running the country” became a governance structure with highly effective check on the imperial power; 2) the responsible government made sure that “the emperor reigns but not rules” as it separated political power from sovereignty with the prime minister weighing more in the balance of executive power; and 3) censorship had high position in the North Song Dynasty, exercising greater restriction on executive power than in any other historical periods to guarantee balance of the power trio-the emperor, the prime minister and the censorship.

The problem of energy poverty is widespread worldwide, and the African continent, especially sub-Saharan Africa, is the hardest hit area, not to mention its economic poverty. This paper uses energy data from the DHS Program and the Multidimensional Energy Poverty Index (MEPI) to assess and analyze energy poverty in 35 countries in sub-Saharan Africa. The results show that energy poverty is widespread in these countries and is difficult to get rid of, resulting in an “energy poverty trap”. This paper also finds that the increase in GDP per capita is conducive to alleviating energy poverty, but there is heterogeneity of energy poverty among different countries, and there is no unified per capita GDP threshold that can completely eliminate energy poverty. In addition, this paper verifies the existence of a “resource curse” phenomenon in resource-intensive countries and fuel stacking effect of household energy choice. Based on the analysis of energy poverty in sub-Saharan African countries, the paper proposes to achieve energy poverty reduction through industrialization, strengthening regional integration, and ensuring reliable energy supply in the region through grid interconnection and power cooperation. International energy cooperation should also be strengthened.

In modern China, the cultural starting point of the “prosperity as the body, constitutional system as the application” paradigm is pragmatism in Chinese tradition. The pragmatism of seeking quick success and instant benefits is a fundamental character exhibited in the Chinese constitutional culture. In modern times, advanced Chinese people, in their pursuit of establishing a constitutional system, assumed a logical relationship of “constitutional system as the cause and prosperity as the result”. Behind this assumption lies a divergence of thinking between liberalism and collectivism. There is an inherent value conflict between constitutionalism and prosperity, but it can also be integrated in situations where the country is facing internal and external troubles. Without the accumulation of constitutional culture, rough utilization of constitutional system is difficult to succeed, so cultivating constitutional culture has become an important inspiration left by history to the current constitutional construction. It is particularly necessary to provide a new interpretation of the meaning of prosperity.

Spread of use of zhu or kuaizi (originally bamboo or wood sticks used for eating) in Yunnan is a long story dating back more than two thousand years when opening of roads in Sichuan made Yunnan the linking hub between the Chinese and Indian civilizations, which in return made it easier and faster for zhu and kuaizi to spread. Central Yunnan, where the north-west route converges with the east-west one, thus saw emergence of bronze zhu, a fact verified by physical evidence dating back to the Warring States Period (476-221 B.C.) unearthed in Danabo Village, Xiangyun County. This explains why the ancient word zhu is still used in some local tribes today. Either from bronze, gold, silver, bamboo, wood or ivory, zhu is made with techniques and procedures showing wisdom and industry of the Yunnan local people and its use is inseparably related to their gene of local food culture, which can help foster their sense of community for the Chinese food culture in general.

In the Qing Dynasty (1644–1911), choice of wines for state banquets followed strict regulatory practices according to participants, who, in descending order in terms of importance, were divided into four categories: 1) aristocrats and ministers; 2) chieftains of minority ethnic groups from the frontier areas; 3) foreign ambassadors and envoys; and 4) the honorable elderly. Many types of wine were possible to choose from for state banquets, including mainly milk wine, shaojiu, yellow wine, and Yuquan wine. Of them milk wine was the most important, which was monopolized by the palace. When feasting envoys and minority chieftains of China, Guanglu Si got out the wine from the court and used it. However, the yellow wine and liquor were widely used in various types of state banquets, which were made by Guanglu Si itself. The Yuquan wine was also used for the state banquet of the Qing Dynasty. However, as the Yuquan wine was under the control of the Imperial Household Department, it was not recorded in Da Qing Hui Dian and was thus unknown for a long time. Throughout the Qing Dynasty, amount of wine served was strictly controlled due to attitude of the emperors towards wine.

The concepts of “voice” and “breath” in the Wei Dynasty, the Jin Dynasty and the North-South Dynasties, or from the early 3rd century to late 6th century to be exact, came from their counterparts used prior to the Qin Dynasty (221 B.C - 207 B.C.). Viewed from the perspective of origin of logic, breath determines voice, thus the concepts of different types of breath. In return, voice counter-affects breath to induce mutual-generation, interaction, generation of breath and other phenomena between the two concepts. Exteriorly, voice and breath take the form of word and character respectively. The former refers to words in the Chinese language that form the voice system characterized by the process of “utterance from the mouth becoming words.” In light of the relation of voice to word and character, other concepts and ideas generated centering around voice, such as “poetry should be works of beauty in terms of both emotions and words,” “voice resides with words,” “voice is created to suit words” and “voice serves to beautify words.” Viewed from the perspective of the interior change of voice and breath into emotions, intentions and ideas, the theories that “poetry expresses ideas” and “poems should be sentimental” are all requirements for voice of poems. As a matter of fact, the idea “voice” in these dynasties also contain the rhythm rules, as emotions, intentions and ideas are all regarded to be powered by breath. Viewed from organized research literature, categories such as “emotions,” “intentions” and “ideas” in both music and literature during these historical periods aforesaid are all in close affinity with the concept of “voice.”

In poetry creation, the wild animals described by Ted Hughes are all beasts of prey. The poet expresses his profound thoughts with sharp words, forming a unique poetic style. Through Hughes' eagle, thrush, salmon, wolf and other animals, it is not difficult to find the combination of delicate and rough poetry stated and the poet's obsession with nature implied. With keen insight and skilled portrayal, the poet analyzes the potential threat caused by modern industrial civilization to human survival from the perspective of ecological ethics and expresses his deep concern about it. Hughes believes that “anthropocentrism” is the source of ecological imbalance. He hopes to praise the nature with the help of animal poetry, and provoke people to think deeper about the relationship between people, animals and nature.

Mu Dan often uses the imagery of “winter” or writes about it as the theme in his poetry, and “winter” has a special significance for him. The poetry with the theme of “Winter in Reality” enters the soul from the poet's eyes, embodying his deep concern for the fate of the people, society, and nation. The enormous influence symbolized by the image of “winter” shows an extremely “harsh” side in Mu Dan's poetry, becoming a metaphor for deprivation in other seasons and political environment and making his poetry even more cold and stern. In addition, Mu Dan also attempted to use the image of “winter” in his poetry to analyze himself and attempted to express his contemplation on the essence of individual life in the era with “winter” as the theme.

Bourdieu's capital theory provides a new perspective for analyzing the deep relationship between the action logic of collaborative education subjects and capital stock. Based on the three dimensions of cultural, economic and social capital of Bourdieu's capital theory, this paper clarifies the three realistic dilemmas faced by the current rural school home-school collaborative education: 1) weak cultural capital and lack of common vision of home-school collaboration; 2) weakened material basis for home-school coordination due to insufficient economic capital; and 3) weakened connection of home-school synergy field due to lack of social capital. To breakthrough the dilemmas facing home-school collaborative education in the rural areas, suggestions are put forward from the three dimensions-culture, economic and social capital-so as to correspondingly eliminate the habit gap and unite the educational consensus, optimize the allocation of resources, strengthen financial security, enhance field integration, and broaden connection channels.

The rural revitalization strategy proposes to strengthen the construction of the rural social security system and improve the care and service system for the left behind elderly in the rural areas. Based on a field survey in X Village, N County, it was found that a large number of young people in the case village had left to work elsewhere, gradually leaving behind them a society composed mainly of elderly people. Between rural left behind elderly people and their children, there is a prominent parent-child relationship alienation which greatly undermines the quality of life of the elderly. The parent-child alienation among rural left behind elderly people is manifested in three dimensions-communication time, interaction space, and communication content-which are closely related to emotional and psychological pressure, lack of social interaction, and weakened communication willingness of rural left behind elderly people. According to Satya's communication theory, reconstruction of parent-child relationships among rural left behind elderly people can be carried out from three levels: “situation”, “others”, and “self”.

Wang Shixing (1547-1598), a Ming Dynasty scholar, served office in various southwestern provinces and had a profound understanding of local ethnic relations, as can be seen in his historical notes Guang Zhi Yi. This paper sorts out the relevant historical facts of Guang Zhi Yi to reveal the true situation of ethnic contact in the southwestern region of the Ming Dynasty reflected in the book from the forms, degrees, and influencing factors of ethnic contact. The forms and degrees of ethnic contact vary across regions, and political policies, economy and trade are positive factors that promote ethnic contact, while natural geographical environment may hinder it. Ethnic contact affects language, vocabulary, and customs and other factors have a greater or lesser impact. This can not only highlight the value of historical notes in the study of ethnic contact issues, but also provide important documentary materials for language contact between the Han and other minority ethnic groups.

Images are an important form of historical evidence that vividly reproduces the past. From 1914 to 1926, the advertisements published in Newspaper Diansheng recorded the history of the rise and development of modern industry in Yunnan. It demonstrates the process of Yunnan's industrial transformation from the traditional to the modern times, as well as the many problems faced by Yunnan's modern industrial development, in the context of the massive dumping of Western industrial products in Yunnan. These newspaper advertisements are not only the historical imprint of the development of Yunnan's modern industry, but also the concrete embodiment of Yunnan's modern social values and ideas that reflect the characteristics of Yunnan's modern society towards modernization.

Education of high-quality, specialized and top-class innovation-oriented teachers is the key requirement for high-quality development of teachers' education in the new era and an important measure to implement reform of teachers' education and promote education modernization. The education mode of elite normal students, as a “reserved teaching force” for the future, will become the natural response to the need to promote education of high-quality teachers. Centering around high-quality development of education of teachers of normal universities, this article is an exploration of the significance of education of elite normal students. In light of the existing difficulties in the education process, the authors suggest the following action strategies for education of elite normal students under the background of top-class innovation-oriented teachers, i.e. developing specialized ability with an accurate understanding of the width of their growth spectrum within the core qualities: utilizing learning communities effectively to build a long-term common growth mechanism of teachers education; stimulating research potential to sharpen the cutting edge in teaching management and specialty exploration; integrating local culture to manifest cultural heritage in elite education curriculum and teaching; and following up in an orderly manner to improve the selection and management systems of elite normal students.

Implementation process and effect of the governance policies regarding after-school training institutions are of great significance towards bringing after-school training back to the public welfare sphere and reconstructing normal educational environment so as to accomplish the objectives of the double-reduction policy. An analysis of implementation of the governance policies regarding after-school training institutions in the context of the double-reduction policy based on the Smith's Policy Implementation Process Model has identified the following four problems facing implementation of aforesaid policies: limitation of the policies themselves, incompetence of the implementation authorities, cognitive bias about the targeted people, and inadequate policy support. To breakthrough the bottleneck impeding the implementation process of aforesaid policies, it is necessary that design of such policies be emphasized to enhance their implementation effect, competence of the implementing authorities be strengthened to improve the policy implementation mechanism, cognition about the targeted people be adjusted to reduce resistance to policy implementation, and implementation environment of such policies be improved to lay a better foundation for their implementation.