楚雄师范学院学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (5): 66-74.

• 中华文化研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

诗艺·诗用·诗蕴:《女才子书》诗词书写的三重维度

盛柯娅   

  1. 北京外国语大学 中国语言文学学院,北京 100089
  • 收稿日期:2026-04-03 出版日期:2026-09-20 发布日期:2026-09-30
  • 作者简介:盛柯娅(2000-),北京外国语大学中国语言文学学院硕士研究生,研究方向为明清小说、中国古典叙事文学、中外文学比较。

Poetic Art, Poetic Function and Poetic Implication: The Three Dimensions of Poetic Writing in The Book of Female Talents

Sheng Keya   

  1. School of Chinese Language and Literature, Beijing Foreign Studies University, Beijing 100089, China
  • Received:2026-04-03 Online:2026-09-20 Published:2026-09-30

摘要: 清初鸳湖烟水散人的《女才子书》共嵌入210首诗词、八联诗句。从诗艺观之,这些诗词表现手法多样化,语言风格雅俗共赏又独具个性。意象经构设形成了以花、月、影、玉、扇为核心和以镜、帘、窗、灯、阶为核心的两大体系化的意象群,意象的组合采取了同类叠合和二元并置两种方式。从诗用观之,诗词作为重要的叙事策略,承担起人物、情节、环境、结构多方面的功能。从诗蕴观之,诗词承载着易代之际下层文人的心理特质与明末清初社会文化的深层内涵,既是作者怀才不遇之情的寄托,又是弥补现实婚姻缺憾的方式。诗词也映照出明清时才女大量涌现的时代特征,揭示了古代男性文人对女性的审美想象,文言短篇小说这一诗词载体则体现了易代文人的审美倾向与身份自觉。总之,该书的诗化书写于上承古典小说“以诗入文”的书写传统,于下对《红楼梦》等以女性为叙事主体的小说创作产生了深远影响,在中国古代小说史中具有承上启下的重要作用。

关键词: 《女才子书》, 诗词意象, 叙事功用, 明清易代, 传统文人

Abstract: The Book of Female Talents by Yuanhu Yanshui Sanren of early Qing Dynasty (1644-1912) is embedded with a total of 210 poems and eight-line verses, which, from the perspective of poetic art, feature diverse techniques of expression with a unique, personal language both elegant and popular. The imagery is structured into two systematic groups, one centered on flowers, the moon, shadows, jade and fans, the other on mirrors, curtains, windows, lamps and steps. The combination of them is achieved through two methods: similar overlapping and binary juxtaposition. Serving as an important narrative strategy from the perspective of poetic function, these poems and verses undertake multiple functions in characterization, plot unfolding, environment creation and structure building. From the perspective of poetic implication, they carry the psychological traits of the lower-class literati during the period of dynasty change and the deep cultural and social connotations in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, or in approximately the 17th century. More than manifesting the writer’s unfulfilled talent, they compensate for something missing in his own marriage. Moreover, these poems serve as the proof of the emergence of numerous talented women in this era and reveal the aesthetic imagination of ancient male literati towards the opposite gender. Classical short stories, as a vehicle for poetry, embody their aesthetic inclination and self-identity consciousness as scholars living between dynasties. In conclusion, the poetic writing of The Book of Female Talents continues the classical novel tradition of “incorporating poetry into prose” while profoundly influencing later novels such as A Dream of Red Mansions that center female characters as narrative protagonists, thus playing a crucial role linking the preceding and the following stages in the development of ancient Chinese novels.

Key words: The Book of Female Talents, poetic image, narrative function, Ming-Qing transition, traditional literati

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