Abstract: Marx's inquiry into the essence of humanity progresses from the abstract to the concrete. By critically inheriting the philosophical legacies of Hegel and Feuerbach, he establishes three dimensions of human essence: the labor essence as a species-being, the social-relation essence as a concrete determination, and the community essence as an ideal form. In the era of artificial intelligence, intelligent technologies, by reshaping the structure of productive forces, have created historical conditions for realizing a true community founded upon free labor and universal association. The capitalist application of artificial intelligence has, however, given rise to a new form of alienation that is manifested in the abstract domination of human life-sustaining labor, the digital estrangement of social relations and the illusory attachment to technological communities, thereby challenging humanity's historical role as the subject of practice. To transcend the state of alienation and advance the restoration of human essence, we should guide the development of intelligent technology in a healthy direction, improve the social governance system, and uphold the value of labor as the core principle, thereby ultimately achieving the dialectical unity of economic rationality and moral values in the process of intelligent civilization.

Key words: artificial intelligence (AI), human essence, capital logic, labor, human liberation