一种简易测量液体折射率的新方法探究

楚雄师范学院学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (3): 58-62.

一种简易测量液体折射率的新方法探究

段朝米¹, 杨志文², 和扬², 姜云山², 邓荣琴², 向文丽^2,*

1.昆明理工大学理学院,云南昆明 650500;
2.楚雄师范学院物理与电气能源工程学院,云南楚雄 675000

收稿日期:2024-11-12 出版日期:2025-05-20 发布日期:2025-07-01
通讯作者: *向文丽（1982–）,女,高级实验师,研究方向为大学物理教育。
作者简介:段朝米（2000–）,女,实验室助理。
基金资助:
云南省教育厅科学研究基金项目（No. 2023J1072）; 楚雄师范学院课程思政示范课程建设项目

A New Method for Measuring the Refractive Index of Liquids Based on a Homemade Constant Deflection Prism

DUAN Chaomi¹, YANG Zhiwen², HE Yang², JIANG Yunshan², DENG Rongqin², XIANG Wenli^2,*

1. Faculty of Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650500;
2. School of Physics, Electrical and Energy Engineering, Chuxiong Normal University, Chuxiong, Yunnan Province 675000

Received:2024-11-12 Online:2025-05-20 Published:2025-07-01

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 基于几何光学原理,利用分光计、氦氖激光和自主设计的恒偏折棱镜玻璃器皿,搭建了一种测量液体折射率的平台,结合智能手机的光传感器实时感应功能加以辅助,简易快速确定恒偏折棱镜中光路的偏折角度,从而得到液体折射率。利用该方法精确测定了去离子水和不同浓度NaCl溶液的折射率,折射率测量误差均小于5%。该装置的恒偏折棱镜光路设计巧妙,角度判断简单,操作方便快捷,实验现象明显,测量结果精确可靠,设计方法科学可行,可作为一种测量液体折射率的新方法推广。

关键词: 分光计, 折射率, 恒偏折棱镜, 手机传感器

Abstract: Based on the principle of geometric optics, a platform for measuring the refractive index of liquid was built by means of spectrometer, helium-neon laser and self-designed constant deflection prism glassware. With the assistance of real-time sensing function of smart phone light sensor, the deflection angle of the optical path in the constant deflection prism was easily and quickly determined to obtain the refractive index of liquid. The refractive index of deionized water and NaCl solution with different concentrations is determined accurately in this method, and the refractive index measurement error is much lower than 5%. The constant deflection prism optical path has the advantages of ingenious design, simple angle judgment, convenient operation, obvious experimental phenomenon, accurate and reliable measurement results, and scientific and feasible design method. It can be popularized as a new method for measuring the refractive index of liquid and as a new comprehensive design of university physics experiment project.

Key words: spectrometer, refractive index, constant deflection prism, smart phone sensor

中图分类号:

O435.1

段朝米, 杨志文, 和扬, 姜云山, 邓荣琴, 向文丽. 一种简易测量液体折射率的新方法探究[J]. 楚雄师范学院学报, 2025, 40(3): 58-62.

DUAN Chaomi, YANG Zhiwen, HE Yang, JIANG Yunshan, DENG Rongqin, XIANG Wenli. A New Method for Measuring the Refractive Index of Liquids Based on a Homemade Constant Deflection Prism[J]. Journal of Chuxiong Normal University, 2025, 40(3): 58-62.