恐龙呼吸系统的研究进展

楚雄师范学院学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (3): 76-85.

恐龙呼吸系统的研究进展

张晓琴¹, 王振吉^1,*, 王国付², 苏醒², 王涛³

1.楚雄师范学院资源环境与化学学院,云南楚雄 675000;
2.楚雄彝族自治州博物馆,云南楚雄 675000;
3.禄丰市恐龙化石保护研究中心,云南禄丰 650031

收稿日期:2025-02-03 出版日期:2025-05-20 发布日期:2025-07-01
通讯作者: *王振吉（1983–）,男,博士,教授,研究方向为生物学。
作者简介:张晓琴（1983–）,女,博士,副教授,研究方向为古生物学。
基金资助:
云南省高层次人才培养支持计划“青年拔尖人才项目”（No. YNWR-QNBJ-2020-104）

Advances in the Study of Dinosaur Respiratory System

ZHANG Xiaoqin¹, WANG Zhenji^1,*, WANG Guofu², SU Xing², WANG Tao³

1. Chuxiong Normal University, Chuxiong, Yunnan Province 675000;
2. Prefectural Museum of Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Chuxiong, Yunnan Province 675000;
3. Lufeng Research and Preservation Center for Dinosaur Fossils, Lufeng, Yunnan Province 650031

Received:2025-02-03 Online:2025-05-20 Published:2025-07-01

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 恐龙是地球漫长地质历史演化非常成功的脊椎动物,自1842年“恐龙”诞生以来,恐龙就承载了人们对过往生命探索的热情。作为一类陆地生态系统演化非常成功的生物,除了演化和生态上的成功,恐龙还以各种呼吸和代谢策略的出现为标志。本文从恐龙生理学角度,是否存在气囊、肋骨钩突、鼻甲、骨骼成长率以及心血管系统五个方面,介绍近年来古生物学家对恐龙呼吸系统的研究进展,以期正确理解恐龙呼吸系统的演化,更广泛了解恐龙生理学,全面助力恐龙研究。

关键词: 恐龙, 生理学, 呼吸系统, 研究进展

Abstract: Dinosaurs represent one of the most successful vertebrate groups in the geological history of the Earth which, since the birth of the term “dinosaur” in 1841, have captivated our interest and enthusiasm in exploration of prehistoric life. As supremely adapted terrestrial vertebrates, dinosaurs achieved remarkable evolutionary and ecological success, characterized by diverse respiratory and metabolic adaptations. This paper synthesizes recent research on dinosaur respiratory systems through five key physiological indicators–presence of air sacs, uncinate processes on ribs, nasal turbinate structures, bone growth rates, and cardiovascular system features–to reconstruct the evolutionary development of dinosaur respiration, advance comprehensive understanding of dinosaur physiology, and provide scientifically grounded content for public education purposes.

Key words: dinosaur, physiology, respiratory system, research advance

中图分类号:

Q915

张晓琴, 王振吉, 王国付, 苏醒, 王涛. 恐龙呼吸系统的研究进展[J]. 楚雄师范学院学报, 2025, 40(3): 76-85.

ZHANG Xiaoqin, WANG Zhenji, WANG Guofu, SU Xing, WANG Tao. Advances in the Study of Dinosaur Respiratory System[J]. Journal of Chuxiong Normal University, 2025, 40(3): 76-85.

参考文献

[1] Owen R.Report on British Fossil Reptiles. Part II [A]. Report of the Eleventh Meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Sciences[C]. Plymouth: London John Murray, 1842: 60-204.
[2] Curry Rogers K A, Wilson J A. The Sauropods: Evolution and Paleobiology [M]. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2005:157-177.
[3] Brett Surman M K, Holtz T R, Farlow J O, et al. The Complete Dinosaur[M]. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2012:785-805.
[4] Brett-Surman M K, Holtz T R, Farlow J O, et al. The Complete Dinosaur[M]. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2012:806-817.
[5] Grady J M, Enquist B J, Dettweiler-Robinson E, et al. Evidence for mesothermy in dinosaurs[J]. Science, 2014, 344(6189):1268-1272.
[6] Moore A J, Upchurch P, Barrett P M, et al. Osteology of Klamelisaurus gobiensis (Dinosauria, Eusauropoda) and the evolutionary history of Middle-Late Jurassic Chinese sauropods[J]. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 2020(21):1-95.
[7] Zhang X Q, Li D Q, Xie Y, et al. Redescription of the cervical vertebrae of the mamenchisaurid sauropod Xinjiangtitan shanshanesis[J]. Historical Biology, 2020(32): 803-822.
[8] Brocklehurst R J, Schachner E R, Codd J R, et al. Respiratory evolution in archosaurs[J]. Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences, 2020,375(1793): 20190140.
[9] Aureliano T, Ghilardi A M, Rodrigo T, et al. The origin of an invasive air sac system in sauropodomorph dinosaurs[J]. The Anatomical Record: Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology,2024,307(4):1084-1092.
[10] Bakker R T.Anatomical and ecological evidence of endothermy in dinosaurs[J]. Nature,1972,238(5359):81-85.
[11] Ruben J A, Jones T D, Geist N R, et al. Lung structure and ventilation in theropod dinosaurs and early birds[J]. Science, 1997, 278(5341): 1267-1270.
[12] Ruben J A, Dal S C, Geist N R, et al. Pulmonary function and metabolic physiology of th eropod dinosaurs[J]. Science, 1999, 283(5401): 514-516.
[13] Ruben J A, Jones T D, Geist N R, et al. Respiration and reproductive paleophysiology of dinosaurs and early birds[J]. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology, 2003,76(2):141-64.
[14] Hillenius W J, Ruben J A.The evolution of Endothermy in terrestrial vertebrates: who? when? why?[J]. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology, 2004, 77(6):1019-1042.
[15] Sereno P C, Martinez R N, Wilson J A, et al. Evidence for Avian intrathoracic air sacs in a new predatory dinosaur from argentina[J]. Plos One, 2008, 3(9): e3303.
[16] Currie P J, Chen P J.Anatomy of Sinosauropteryx prima from Liaoning, northeastern China[J]. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences,2001,38(12): 1705-1727.
[17] Naish D, Martill D M, Frey E.Ecology, systematics and biogeographical relationships of dinosaurs, including a new theropod, from the Santana Formation (Albian, Early Cretaceous) of Brazil[J]. Historical Biology, 2004, 16(2-4): 57-70.
[18] O'Connor P M, Claessens L P. Basic avian pulmonary design and flow-through ventilation in non-avian theropod dinosaurs[J]. Nature,2005,436(7048): 253-256.
[19] Mallison H.The digital Plateosaurus II: an assessment of the range of motion of the limbs and vertebral column and of previous reconstructions using a digital skeletal mount[J]. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 2010, 55(3): 433-458.
[20] Wedel M J.Vertebral pneumaticity, air sacs, and the physiology of sauropod dinosaurs[J]. Paleobiology, 2003,29(2): 243-255.
[21] Wedel M J.Origin of postcranial skeletal pneumaticity in dinosaurs[J]. Integrative Zoology, 2006, 1(2): 80-85.
[22] Woodruff D C, Wolff E D S, Wedel M J, et al. The first occurrence of an avian-style respiratory infection in a non-avian dinosaur[J]. Scientific Reports, 2022, 12(1):1-12
[23] Farlow J O, Brett-Surman M K. The Complete Dinosaur[M]. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. 1997: 449-473.
[24] Wedel M J.Evidence for bird-like air sacs in saurischian dinosaurs[J]. Journal of Experimental Zoology. Part A, Ecological Genetics and Physiology, 2009, 311(8): 611-628.
[25] Yates A M, Wedel M J, Bonnan M F.The early evolution of postcranial skeletal Pneumaticity in sauropodomorph dinosaurs[J]. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 2012, 57(1): 85-100.
[26] Aureliano T, Ghilardi A M, Müller R T, et al.The absence of an invasive air sac system in the earliest dinosaurs suggests multiple origins of vertebral pneumaticity[J]. Scientific Reports,2022,12(1):20844.
[27] Ehlert D W.Out of thin air: Dinosaurs, Birds, and Earth'S Ancient Atmosphere [M]. National Academies Press, 2006,159-198.
[28] Manning P L, Norell M A, Perry S F.Avian-like breathing mechanics in maniraptoran dinosaurs[J]. Proceedings of the Royal Society B,2008,275(1631): 157-161.
[29] Wang Y Y, Claessens LPAM, Sullivan C.Deep reptilian evolutionary roots of a major avian respiratory adaptation[J]. Communications Biology,2023,6(1):3.
[30] Fisher P E, Russell D A, Stoskopf M K, et al. Cardiovascular evidence for an intermediate or higher metabolic rate in an Ornithischian dinosaur[J]. Science, 2000, 288(5465): 503-505.
[31] Tickle P G, Ennos AR, Lennox LE, et al. Functional significance of the uncinate processes in birds[J]. Journal of Experimental Biology,2007,210(210): 3955-3961.
[32] Ruben J A, Hillenius W J, Geist N R, et al. The metabolic status of some Late Cretaceous dinosaurs[J]. Science, 1996, 273(5279): 1204-1207.
[33] Ruben J A, Jones T D.Selective factors associated with the origin of fur and feathers[J]. American Zoologist, 2000, 40(4): 585-596.
[34] Witmer L M.Nostril position in dinosaurs and other vertebrates and its significance for nasal function[J]. Science, 2001, 293(5531): 850-853.
[35] Witmer L M, Ridgely R C.The paranasal air sinuses of predatory and Armored dinosaurs (archosauria: theropoda and ankylosauria) and their contribution to cephalic structure[J]. The Anatomical Record: Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology, 2008, 291(11), 1362-1388.
[36] Tada S, Tsuihiji T, Matsumoto R, et al. Evolutionary process toward avian-like cephalic thermoregulation system in Theropoda elucidated based on nasal structures[J]. Royal Society Open Science, 2023,10(4):220997.
[37] Erickson G M, Curry R K, Yerby S A.Dinosaurian growth patterns and rapid avian growth rates[J]. Nature, 2001, 412: 429-433.
[38] Case T J.On the evolution and adaptive significance of postnatal growth rates in the terrestrial vertebrates[J]. Quarterly Review of Biology, 1978, 53(3):243-282.
[39] Calder W A. Size, Function,Life History[M]. Cambridge,Massachusetts:Harvard University Press,1984:340-342.
[40] Curry K A.Ontogenetic histology of Apatosaurus (dinosauria:sauropoda):new insights on growth rates and longevity[J]. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 1999, 19(4): 654-665.
[41] Erickson G M, Curry R K, Yerby S A.Corrigendum: Dinosaurian growth patterns and rapid avian growth rates[J]. Nature, 2016,531(7595):538.
[42] Erickson G M, Makovicky P J, Currie P J, et al. Gigantism and comparative life-history parameters of tyrannosaurid dinosaurs[J].Nature,2004,430(7001): 772-775.
[43] Horner J R, Padian K.Age and growth dynamics of Tyrannosaurus rex[J]. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B, 2004,271(1551):1875-1880.
[44] Horner J R, deRicqlès A, Padian K. Long bone histology of the hadrosaurid dinosaur Maiasaura peeblesorum: growth dynamics and physiology based on an ontogenetic series of skeletal elements[J]. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 2000, 20:115-129.
[45] Woodward H N, Freedman Fowler E A, Farlow J O, et al.Maiasaura, a model organism for extinct vertebrate population biology: a large sample statistical assessment of growth dynamics and survivorship[J]. Paleobiology, 2015, 41(4), 503-527.
[46] Wosik M, Evans D C.Osteohistological and taphonomic life-history assessment of Edmontosaurus annectens (Ornithischia: Hadrosauridae) from the Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) Ruth Mason dinosaur quarry, South Dakota, United States, with implication for ontogenetic segregation between juvenile and adult hadrosaurids[J]. Journal of Anatomy, 2022, 241(2):272-296.
[47] Cooper L N, Lee A H, Taper M L, et al. Relative growth rates of predator and prey dinosaurs reflect effects of predation[J]. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 2008, 275(1651): 2609-2615.
[48] Rowe T, McBride E F, Sereno P C. Technical comments: dinosaur with a heart of stone[J]. Science, 2001, 291(5505): 783a.
[49] Russell D A, Fisher P E, Barrick R E, et al. Reply: dinosaur with a heart of stone[J]. Science, 2001, 291(5505): 783a.
[50] David Weishampel.The Dinosauria 2nd [M]. California:University of California Press, 2004, 643-659.
[51] Brocklehurst R J, Schachner E R, Codd J R, et al. Respiratory evolution in archosaurs[J]. Philosophical Transactions of The Royal Society B-biological Sciences, 2020, 375(1793):20190140.

编辑推荐

Metrics

阅读次数

全文

HTML			PDF

最新录用	在线预览	正式出版	最新录用	在线预览	正式出版
0	0	0	0	0	11

	来源	本网站

	次数	11
	比例	100%

摘要

最新录用	在线预览	正式出版

0	0	15

	来源	本网站

	次数	15
	比例	100%