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20 May 2026, Volume 41 Issue 3 Previous Issue   
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Agricultural Science
Ecology
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Agricultural Science

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Research on Optimizing the Preservation Effect of Compound Preservatives on Konjac Tofu by Response Surface Method Ning Na, Wang Xiaoxi, Chen Shuangping, Jiang Yuan 2026, 41(3):  1-9.  Abstract ( 29 )   PDF (10137KB) ( 4 )   To optimize the preservation effect of the compound preservative on konjac tofu, tofu made from konjac powder was used as the experimental object in this study. Based on the results of the single-factor test, the response surface method was adopted, under normal temperature storage conditions, to optimize the preservation formula of chitosan and ε-polylysine concentrations for soaking konjac tofu. Meanwhile, the weight loss rate, sensory score, pH value and other indicators of konjac tofu treated with the optimal formula were determined to evaluate the preservation effect of the method. The results show that the optimal formula for inhibiting quality deterioration of konjac tofu is： the addition amount of sodium carbonate 5.0 g+chitosan 1.0%+ε-polylysine 0.37 g·L-1; on the fifth day of storage, the weight loss rate of konjac tofu treated with the best formula was significantly lower than that of the other treatment groups, while the sensory score, comprehensive index, pH value and hardness were significantly higher than those of the other treatment groups. Therefore, compared with a single preservative, the best formula has a synergistic effect on delaying the spoilage of konjac tofu and prolonging its preservation effect. Related Articles | Metrics

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Breeding of the New Wine Grapevine Variety Yunniang No.7 Zhang Wu, Luo Renbin, Bai Mingdi, Lu Xiaoying, Wen Yinghui, Wang Yanjun, Zhao Xianfang 2026, 41(3):  10-15.  Abstract ( 17 )   PDF (7273KB) ( 19 )   Yunniang No. 7 is a new interspecific hybrid grapevine variety selected from the F1 generation of Huajia No. 8 Marselan, with the breeding number LV18-22. Its clusters are conical, with an average weight of about 90 g, a maximum weiht of 230 g, a length of 9~11 cm, and a width of 6~9 cm. Its berries are spherical, with an average weigt of 1.05 g, a fruit shape index of 1.13 and 2~4 seeds per berry. Its fully mature berries have a juice yield of about 60%, soluble sos content of 21%~23% and total acidity of 0.64%. In most years, this variety buds from late February to mid-March iny-hot region of Yuanmou County, Yunnan Province and matures in mid-to-late July; in high-yield years, the ripening period is significantly delayed. Its fruit development period is 105~110 days, and it ripens 10~15 days later than the paternal parent Marselan, classifying it a late-ripening variety. Yunniang No. 7 plants have vigorous growth, short internodes at the base of new shoots, good flower bud differentiation, bisexual flowers and diploid stems. This variety is resistant to downy mildew, black rot and white rot, moderately resistant to powdery mildew, and has moderate tolerance to high temperatues, drought, and salinity. Due to its rain tolerance and strong disease resistance, it is suitable for trial planting in the south of China with annual precipitation ≤800 mm. The flavor ounds of Yunniang No. 7 wine are superior to those of wine made from its paternal parent Marselan grapes. In summary, Yunniang No. 7 grapes possess excellent cultivation and wine making characteristics and thus have high promotion value. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Effect of Different Doses of PMSG on Superovulation in Yunnan Piebold Rabbit Liu Qiwei, Hu Yingkai, Zhao Linyan, Yan Juan, Zhu Fangxian, Miao Xianghu, Duan Xinhui, Qu Kaixing 2026, 41(3):  16-21.  Abstract ( 15 )   PDF (10474KB) ( 12 )   Yunnan Piebold rabbit is an endangered species, which calls for urgent measures to strengthen efficient breeding as well as the collection and preservation of its genetic materials. Compared with natural estrus control （GroupⅠ）, five different doses of pregnant mare serum gonadotropin （PMSG） （30 g body weight/IU, 35 g body weight/IU, 40 g body weight/IU, 45 g body weight/IU and 70 g body weight/IU, i.e. Groups Ⅱ~Ⅵ） were designed for subcutaneous injection to perform superovulation treatment on Yunnan Piebold rabbit for observing the estrus response and the superovulation effect. The results showed that the high-dose PMSG groups maintained a higher E2 level at 60~72 h of post-copulation to collect embryo, which reached （44.18±8.97）pg/mL for group Ⅱ and （41.45±13.39）pg/mL for group Ⅲ in serum respectively, significantly higher than those of the other four groups （P<0.05）. The P4 level was highest in group Ⅳ, significantly higher than the corresponding values for groups Ⅰ and Ⅲ （P<0.05）, while there was no significant difference among the other five groups （P>0.05）. The high-dose PMSG treatment groups were also prone to inducing follicular congestion in rabbits, showing the numbers of congestive follicles increase for group Ⅱ, which are significantly higher than those of the other four treatment groups （P<0.05）. The optimal superovulation effect is achieved for group Ⅴ, with effective embryos of 14.90. It is recommended to use PMSG at a dose of 45 g body weight/IU+5 μg luteinizing hormone releasing hormone A3 for superovulation in practice to obtain premium effect. Related Articles | Metrics

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Investigation on Growth Status and Adaptability of Mulberry in Solar Greenhouse Qin Lijin, Wang Zhenji, Yang Zhengsheng, Lin Kai, Hua Jianyan, Luo Wenping, Yang Kemei 2026, 41(3):  22-26.  Abstract ( 21 )   PDF (4729KB) ( 18 )   To determine the growth characteristics, yield performance and environmental adaptability of the new mulberry variety “Jisang” in solar greenhouses in northern China, an introduction cultivation experiment was conducted in a solar greenhouse in Chifeng, Inner Mongolia, with open-field cultivation as the control. The growth indices of its above-ground and below-ground parts and yield traits were measured to comprehensively evaluate its adaptability under protected cultivation. The results showed that “Jisang” grew robustly and performed stably in the solar greenhouse. The above-ground plant height, stem diameter and maximum leaf area were 75.32-77.80 cm, 6.84-7.89 mm and 261.26-274.68 cm2, respectively; the below-ground taproot length and root volume were 10.12-12.86 cm and 9.80-12.40 cm3, respectively, indicating coordinated vegetative growth between above-ground and below-ground parts. In terms of yield, the fresh weight per plant, fresh weight per plot, converted fresh weight per mu and dry weight per mu of the above-ground parts were 44.30-54.36 g, 10.63-13.05 kg, 590.96-725.25 kg and 138.24-177.56 kg, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of the open-field control. In conclusion, “Jisang” has good adaptability to the solar greenhouse cultivation environment in northern China, with the advantages of stronger growth, more branches, higher biomass and greater tolerance to close planting in facilities. It can be used as a high-protein forage mulberry variety for demonstration and popularization in solar greenhouses in Chifeng, Inner Mongolia and other regions with similar ecology to provide support to structural adjustment of northern protected agriculture and development of forage industry. Related Articles | Metrics

Ecology

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Sensitivity of Alert Distance and Its Ecological Significance in Callosciurus erythraeus on an Urban Campus Wang Xiaoyi, Yin Xu, Chen Huige, Yan Lifang, Sun Chao 2026, 41(3):  27-34.  Abstract ( 24 )   PDF (8273KB) ( 6 )   To investigate the variation pattern of alert behavior in Callosciurus erythraeus （red-bellied squirrel） in response to different levels of human disturbance within an urban campus habitat and to analyze its relationship with habitat conditions, four sample plots with varying disturbance intensities were demarcated based on pedestrian traffic flow in a campus habitat from April 2024 to March 2025. The alert distance （AD） and flight initiation distance （FID） of the squirrels were measured through field observation and indoor analysis, and environmental information was also recorded. The results showed significant differences in AD among the different plots, with the AD in the least disturbed plot [（6.97±1.79）m] being significantly greater than that in the other plots （p<0.001）. No significant difference in FID was observed among different disturbance intensities. Within the least disturbed plot, the FID on sunny days was significantly higher than on cloudy days （p=0.005）. Regarding habitat types, areas with low human disturbance, dense tree cover, and concentrated food resources were more frequently utilized by the squirrels. In conclusion, in the urban campus environment, the behavioral response of red-bellied squirrels to human disturbance is primarily manifested in an earlier alert phase, while their flight initiation distance remains relatively stable. Habitats with low disturbance and complex vegetation are more conducive to their activity. Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress of Research on Biochar-Based Materials in Organic Wastewater Treatment Hu Ningmeng, Zou Chenghua 2026, 41(3):  35-42.  Abstract ( 19 )   PDF (8872KB) ( 13 )   With global water pollution becoming increasingly serious, developing efficient, low-cost and environment-friendly water pollution control materials has become a research hotspot. In view of the frequent occurrence of organic pollution incidents, it is urgent to explore effective strategies to remove organic pollutants in water environment. Biochar-based materials have shown great application potential in water pollution control because of their wide sources of raw materials, simple preparation process, excellent physical and chemical properties and good environmental compatibility. In this paper, the raw materials, physical and chemical properties, preparation technology and modification methods of biochar-based materials are systematically reviewed, and the research progress in the removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs）, endocrine disruptors （EDCs）, antibiotics, pesticides, dyes and other organic pollutants is elaborated in detail. Moreover, the adsorption and degradation mechanisms of biochar-based materials are analyzed, and the current research challenges and future development direction discussed in order to provide reference for large-scale application of biochar-based materials in water pollution control. Related Articles | Metrics

Physics

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A Comparative Study on Mechanical Properties and Raman Spectra of Four Kinds of Spider Silks Wang Min, Hu Xiangquan, Lin Qin 2026, 41(3):  43-50.  Abstract ( 19 )   PDF (8935KB) ( 11 )   This paper utilized electronic single-fiber strength tester and Raman spectrometer to conduct testing and research on the spider silks of four spider species, namely Parasteatoda tepidariorum, Uloborus guangxiensis, Asiancoelotes plancyi and Paracoelotes luctuosus, in order to explore the relationship between their properties and structures. The results showed that the four spider silks had similar mechanical properties. Their Raman spectra overlapped or were close at certain peak positions, indicating that they belonged to different families and genera but had similar amino acid sequences and structures. The silk of Parasteatoda tepidariorum exhibited relatively high strength and elastic modulus with good load-bearing capacity. The silk of Uloborus guangxiensis had a high elongation rate, with its main advantages lying in toughness and deformation ability, which could maintain structural integrity under large deformation. The strength and elongation rate of the silks of Asiancoelotes plancyi and Paracoelotes luctuosus were relatively low, but they had a certain degree of toughness and achieved a good balance between strength and toughness. By comparing the peak intensity and characteristic peaks of the Raman spectra of the four kinds of spider silks, the subtle differences in their molecular structures could be deteremined. Raman spectroscopy could effectively analyze the protein structure of spider silk, and the reproducibility of the spectra was good. Related Articles | Metrics

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Differential Analysis of Infrared Spectra of Morinda officinalis, Its Adulterants and Compatible Medicinal Materials Zhang Chuanyun, Peng Chunhong, Li Lun, Lu Jiankang 2026, 41(3):  51-57.  Abstract ( 13 )   PDF (8175KB) ( 4 )   In this study, infrared spectroscopy was adopted to analyze the infrared spectra of Morinda officinalis, Morinda umbellata, Kadsura coccinea and Alpinia officinarum. Spectral analysis revealed that the differences in spectral peak shapes and positions among the four medicinal materials were mainly concentrated in the ranges of 3600 ~ 3000 cm-1 and 1800 ~ 600 cm-1. Taking into consideration the results from second-derivative spectral analysis, it was confirmed that the characteristic peaks corresponding to starch, saccharides, calcium oxalate and esters existed in all four medicinal materials and the superposition of their characteristic peaks led to the spectral discrepancies among them. The cluster analysis and principal component analysis were further applied for classification research. Cluster analysis demonstrated that 40 random samples of Morinda officinalis, its adulterants and compatible herb could be divided into 4 categories, while principal component analysis classified these samples into four distinct regions. The above analysis results indicate that obvious fingerprint spectral differences exist in the infrared spectra of Morinda officinalis, its adulterants and compatible herb Alpinia officinarum, which enables the rapid identification and differentiation of the above herbal materials. Related Articles | Metrics

Geographical Science

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Evaluation of Tourism Climate Comfort in Chuxiong Prefecture He Ping, Feng Haobai, Shan Yuming, Ding Yunqiong, Dong Chaomei 2026, 41(3):  58-66.  Abstract ( 20 )   PDF (8067KB) ( 0 )   Based on the meteorological data of Chuxiong Prefecture from 1994 to 2023, the temperature and humidity index, wind and cold index as well as clothing index of various regions in Chuxiong Prefecture were analyzed, and a comprehensive tourism climate comfort model was constructed based on the calculation results. This model is based on meteorological principles and takes into account factors such as temperature, humidity, wind speed, and clothing requirements to accurately evaluate the comprehensive tourism climate comfort of Chuxiong Prefecture. Through this model, the climate suitable periods for each county in Chuxiong Prefecture are divided as follows： Chuxiong, Yongren, Dayao, Lufeng, Yao’an, Nanhua, Shuangbai and Mouding are “four season” tourist areas with longer suitable periods, and the most suitable period is mainly from March to November. These areas are most suitable for the development of summer tourism industry. The Wuding type is suitable for “spring, summer and autumn” but less suitable in winter as winter offers a lower level of travel comfort. The Yuanmou type is suitable for winter and its less suitable period mainly occurs in summer, i.e. from June to August. Yuanmou’s comprehensive tourism climate comfort index in winter is higher than those of the other counties and its most suitable period for tourism is winter and spring. Therefore Yuanmou is most suitable for the development of winter tourism. Overall, the comfortable tourism climate in most counties of Chuxiong Prefecture is prolonged, making it suitable for tourism activities all the year round. Related Articles | Metrics

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Characteristics of Mountain Vertical Zonation and Its Influencing Factors on Shizi Mountain in Wuding County Liu Chengjing, Mo Han, Zhao Yingjie, Wang Yu, Wang Xueliang 2026, 41(3):  67-74.  Abstract ( 21 )   PDF (8053KB) ( 0 )   To investigate the characteristics and formation mechanisms of vertical zonation in mountain ecosystems, this study focuses on Shizi Mountain in Wuding County, Yunnan Province to reveal the structure of the mountain vertical zonation and its primary underlying factors through field surveys and systematic analysis. The results indicate that： 1） Exhibiting significant vertical distribution characteristics on Shizi Mountain, the mountain vegetation is dominated by semi-humid evergreen broad-leaved forest and warm-temperate coniferous forest; the plant communities show a sequential transition along the altitudinal gradient, manifesting a transition sequence, from low to high elevation, from coniferous forest to evergreen broad-leaved forest, then to coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest, and ultimately to coniferous forest; and 2） The soil demonstrates distinct vertical differentiation, transitioning from red soil to yellow-brown earth with increasing elevation, which broadly corresponds to the mountain climate zones. The distribution range of red soil is approximately 560 m, while the yellow-brown earth zone has a width of about 120 m. This study demonstrates that the vertical zonation pattern on Shizi Mountain results from the combined effects of climate, topography, and human activities： vertical climate zones are the dominant factor determining the basic types and macro-distribution of vegetation and soil; topography （slope aspect and gradient） regulates the internal structure and local variations of the zonation by redistributing hydrothermal conditions; and human activities, through both disturbance （destruction） and conservation （protection）, profoundly influence the current state and future evolution trends of the vertical zonation from both positive and negative aspects. This research provides regional empirical evidence for a deeper understanding of the formation mechanisms of subtropical mountain vertical zonation and its response to global change. Related Articles | Metrics

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Prediction of Spatiotemporal Changes in Potential Suitable Areas of Coffea arabica in Yunnan Province Based on Maximum Entropy Model Yang Xiaohui, Deng Huimin, Li Liying, Duan Wei 2026, 41(3):  75-89.  Abstract ( 19 )   PDF (20798KB) ( 5 )   Based on the planting data of Arabica coffee in Yunnan Province, historical meteorological data and the prediction data of different climate scenarios of CMIP6, combined with MaxEnt model, this study analyzes the key meteorological and environmental variables affecting the distribution of areas suitable for planting coffee. The distribution of climate suitable for Arabica coffee grown in Yunnan Province was extracted, and the spatio-temporal changes of suitable areas in the next 80 years （2021-2100） were deduced and analyzed. The results were as follows. Firstly, the MaxEnt model after training optimization has good performance in capturing the change characteristics of the suitable growing area of Coffea arabica in Yunnan, and the prediction efficiency of the model is AUC=0.939. Under the current climate conditions （1970-2000）, the suitable areas are basically consistent with the actual planting areas. The suitable areas are mainly distributed in western, southwestern and southern Yunnan, with a total area of about 9.66×104 km2. Secondly, the study obtained a set of key meteorological and environmental variables affecting the suitable distribution of Coffea arabica in Yunnan, including nine factors： annual precipitation （Bio_12）, hottest-month maximum temperature （Bio_5）, annual temperature difference （Bio_7）, September rainfall （Pre09）, December minimum temperature （Tmin12）, and altitude （Elev）. Thirdly, under different climate scenarios of CMIP6 in the future, by the end of this century, the suitable areas for Coffea arabica in Yunnan Province showed an overall reduction trend in the short term （2021-2040）, the medium term （2041-2060） and the long term （2081-2100）, of which the decline was most obvious in SSPs3-7.0. However, the total suitable areas for SSPs2-4.5 and SSPs5-8.5 would increase in the short term and decrease in the medium and long term. Spatially, the high fitness area shrinks to the core areas of Pu’er, Lincang and Xishuangbanna in Southwest Yunnan, while the non-fitness area expands slightly and the low fitness area fluctuates significantly. The results can provide reference for the layout planning of coffee industry in Yunnan Province and the formulation of long-term climate adaptation strategies. Related Articles | Metrics

Mathematics and Computer Science

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Query Algorithms for Reverse Nearest Neighbors Based on Voronoi Diagrams Jiang Hua, Yang Qingkun 2026, 41(3):  90-96.  Abstract ( 18 )   PDF (5626KB) ( 6 )   Based on the inherent properties and structural characteristics of Voronoi diagrams, this paper conducts an in-depth study on the reverse nearest neighbors query problem to identify and correct theoretical omissions and errors in the existing literature. By deriving relevant theorems and presenting strict proofs, the authors propose a novel method for dynamically updating reverse nearest neighbors when generating points are inserted or deleted that can effectively reduce the retrieval scope of query and update. Moreover, three algorithms named VRNNQ, VRNN_Add and VRNN_Del are designed for reverse nearest neighbors query and dynamic update, all of which achieve a time complexity of O（logn）. Experimental results verify that the proposed algorithms possess remarkable advantages in time execution efficiency. Related Articles | Metrics

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New Proof and Promotion of the General Term Formula of Fibonacci Sequence Wang Xuemei, Liu Peng 2026, 41(3):  97-104.  Abstract ( 19 )   PDF (4069KB) ( 8 )   Based on matrix diagonalization and polynomial theory, a new proof of the general term formula of Fibonacci sequence is proposed and extended to the general second-order linear recursive sequence. By establishing the matrix representation of the recursive relationship, the matrix power is linearly expressed by using the minimum polynomial and eigenvalue theory of the matrix, and then the general term formula is derived. This method avoids the tedious steps of inverting the eigenvector matrix in the traditional diagonalization process, simplifies the derivation process and reflects the effectiveness of polynomial theory in the construction of matrix functions. Furthermore, the obtained results are extended to the general second-order linear recursive sequence, and a unified general term formula expression is established, which expands the scope of application of the method and has certain theoretical value and teaching reference significance. Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction and Application of Classroom Evaluation Indicator System of Junior Middle School Mathematics Teachers’ Practical Ability under the New Curriculum Standards Yu Chuang, Fan Qingchen, Jiang Zhongdong 2026, 41(3):  105-111.  Abstract ( 21 )   PDF (4605KB) ( 0 )   New requirements of the New Curriculum Standards for junior middle school mathematics classroom teaching have created an urgent demand for supporting evaluation tools. Adopting the AHP-TOPSIS method, this study constructs an evaluation index system for junior middle school mathematics classroom teaching consisting of 4 primary indicators and 15 secondary indicators. The research findings indicate that 1） teaching process and teaching content constitute the core dimensions of evaluation; 2） clear lecturing, in-depth student participation, knowledge structurization and gradient expansion serve as the key observational indicators; and 3） the teaching philosophy of the New Curriculum Standards has been effectively integrated into the index system. On this basis, it is suggested that 1） the teachers strengthen the students’ self-driven learning ability; 2） school teaching and research authorities transform the index system into classroom observation tools; and 3） researchers expand research samples to conduct further empirical tests and validity verification. Related Articles | Metrics

Biology

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Isolation and Whole-Genome Analysis of an Endophytic Bacterium from Cremastra Appendiculata Li Guangfu, Zhang Ming, Chen Huahong 2026, 41(3):  112-119.  Abstract ( 16 )   PDF (16784KB) ( 1 )   To investigate bacteria associated with pseudobulb disease of Cremastra appendiculata and the genetic characteristics of their potential interaction with the host, an endophytic bacterial strain was isolated from diseased pseudobulb tissues collected in Chuxiong, Yunnan Province. The taxonomic status of this endophyte was determined through phenotypic characterization, 16S rDNA sequencing and whole-genome sequence analysis. The results showed that the strain N-EI, isolated from the diseased C. appendiculata tissue, is Brevibacterium sediminis. Whole-genome sequencing revealed that strain N-EI has a genome size of 4299738 bp, with a total of 3817 predicted genes. Notably, the genome of strain N-EI harbors 58 common virulence factor-associated genes and 211 plant interaction-related genes. The synergistic effects of these genes may be associated with the pathogenesis of the pseudobulb disease. Related Articles | Metrics

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Plastome Characteristics and Phylogenetic Position of Cortiella Liu Changkun, Li Kangjie, Song Boni 2026, 41(3):  120-125.  Abstract ( 10 )   PDF (5797KB) ( 1 )   Cortiella is a small genus of the tribe Selineae （Apiaceae）, yet its plastome characteristics and phylogenetic position within the tribe remain unclear. In this study, we analyzed the previously sequenced plastome of C. hookeri using Geneious, codonW, and MISA software. Furthermore, we performed maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses based on plastome data, with expanded taxon sampling covering approximately 51% of genera in Selineae. The results showed that the C. hookeri plastome exhibited a typical quadripartite circular structure, encoding 113 unique genes, with a preferred usage of A/U-ending codons. The simple sequence repeats of plastome were mainly composed of A/T and mostly located in the large single copy region. These features were consistent with those of other members of Selineae, indicating Cortiella plastome was highly conserved. Nevertheless, the plastome size was varied across genera within the tribe, which may be mainly attributed to the expansion of the inverted repeat regions. Moreover, the maximum likelihood and Bayesian trees reconstructed from the 79 shared protein coding regions of plastome displayed identical topologies and clarified the phylogenetic position of Cortiella within Selineae with high support values. This study enriches the genetic resources of Cortiella and lays a foundation for future phylogenetic and taxonomic research on this genus. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the Mechanism of Gui Fu Li Zhong Pill in Treating Gastritis through Network Pharmacology Qiu Xirong, Zhu Pengyan, Tian Yue, Luo Yanchun, Xie Zhihui 2026, 41(3):  126-143.  Abstract ( 21 )   PDF (27082KB) ( 2 )   In this study, network pharmacology was used to predict the mechanism of Gui Fu Li Zhong Pill （GFLZW） in the treatment of gastritis. Active compounds of GFLZW were screened from the TCMSP database. Targets for acute gastritis （AG） and chronic gastritis （CG） were collected from the GeneCards and OMIM databases. A “traditional Chinese medicine-compound-target-disease-pathway” network was constructed using Cytoscape 3.10.3. The STRING database was used to build a protein-protein interaction （PPI） network for 59 active compounds from six herbs in GFLZW and 131 common targets of AG/CG. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were then performed. GFLZW exerts therapeutic effects on AG and CG mainly through active compounds such as isoliquiritigenin and DIBP （acting on targets including PTGS1, Nos2 and CA6） and through pathways such as metabolic pathways, neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction as well as through pathways in cancer. This study provides a preliminary prediction of the mechanism of GFLZW in gastritis and offers new ideas on and a theoretical basis for further research. Related Articles | Metrics

New Energy

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Optimization of Output Performance for Bifacial Photovoltaic Modules Based on Reflection Enhancement Strategy Song Xiangbo, Tang Luqiu, Gao Jin, Yang Yuchen, Zhang Luxin, Zi Xingfa, He Yongtai 2026, 41(3):  144-152.  Abstract ( 20 )   PDF (9694KB) ( 25 )   As photovoltaic power generation technology advances, it becomes crucial to investigate the key factors affecting the output performance of bifacial photovoltaic modules and their performance strengthening strategies. Based on monocrystalline silicon module, a bifacial photovoltaic module power generation and testing system was designed and built in this study. The influence of different reflective spacing （e.g. 0 cm, 5 cm, 10 cm, 15 cm） on the output voltage, current, power and power gain of the system was studied at angles of 0°, 15°, 25°, 30°, 45° and 60°. The optimization effect of reflection enhancement strategy on the output performance of the system was comparatively studied. The results showed that with the increase of inclination angle, the output power of module first increased and then decreased. The highest output power of 164.1 W was achieved at an inclination angle of 30°. The use of reflective devices to enhance the solar radiation on the back of bifacial modules can effectively improve the overall system output power and maintaining proper spacing between reflective devices and modules can effectively increase the system power gain. When the inclination angle was maintained at 30° and the reflective spacing at 5 cm, the best system output power of 176.9 W could be obtained with a power gain of 7.8%. However, as reflective spacing increases further, the system output power displayed a slow decline. The results obtained in this study can provide guidance and reference for the optimization and improvement of the output performance of bifacial photovoltaic modules. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of Factors Affecting the Equivalent Resistance in the Equivalent Circuit of a Photovoltaic Power Station Lin Quan, Chen Xiaoda 2026, 41(3):  153-160.  Abstract ( 17 )   PDF (4921KB) ( 3 )   Based on the output characteristics of photovoltaic cells, this paper systematically analyzes the effects of irradiance, temperature and season on the equivalent resistance of photovoltaic power stations as well as the differences in equivalent resistance under different capacities. At a constant irradiance of 1 000 W/m2, the equivalent resistance of the photovoltaic power station decreases from 4.67 Ω to 3.25 Ω when the temperature rises from 0℃ to 30℃, indicating that the equivalent resistance of photovoltaic modules is negatively correlated with temperature. When the irradiance increases from 20 W/m2 to 1 000 W/m2, the equivalent resistance drops sharply from 121.00 Ω to 3.98 Ω at a constant temperature of 25℃, showing that the equivalent resistance is also negatively correlated with irradiance. Seasonal variations affect the equivalent resistance of photovoltaic systems, and the daily variation of equivalent resistance presents a U-shaped trend： high in the morning and evening, low at noon. The capacity of photovoltaic power stations is likewise negatively correlated with equivalent resistance： the larger the capacity, the smaller the equivalent resistance. The response trends to temperature, irradiance and seasonal changes are basically consistent. The research results provide a reference for formulating refined modeling, loss evaluation and intelligent operation and maintenance strategies of photovoltaic power stations. Related Articles | Metrics