Abstract: Health constitutes the foundational guarantee of rural revitalization. The Healthy Village Initiative establishes a robust institutional framework for health advancement that underpins comprehensive rural regeneration. Within the architecture of this policy, enhancing traditional medicine service provision is formally designated as one of eight core strategic priorities. This tripartite nexus–rural revitalization, health security, and traditional medicine–thus manifests an internally coherent institutional logic. Within this ecosystem, traditional medicine practitioners/service recipients and rural revitalization stakeholders function as primary institutional actors within a multi-entity symbiotic system. Their interrelations are mediated through three-dimensional symbiotic substrates: the material infrastructure of medical facilities/equipment, technical capacities for leveraging the “cultural capital” of traditional medicine, and programmatic synergies through integrated interventions. Under externally imposed institutional constraints and incentive structures within the symbiotic environment, these elements coalesce into a mutually embedded, complementary, and reciprocally beneficial symbiosis model. This institutional configuration ultimately evolves into an integrated co-governance system that collectively sustains Healthy Village development. However, in practice, the symbiotic system between the two presents the following limitations in building healthy villages: weak interaction among symbiotic units weakening collective effort, inadequate support from the symbiotic matrix diminishing sustained momentum, external constraints on the symbiotic environment eroding construction capacity, and imbalanced relationships within symbiotic models exacerbating construction dilemmas. To address these limitations, it is necessary to enhance collaboration among symbiotic units to consolidate collective efforts, strengthen the symbiotic matrix to boost long-term momentum, optimize the symbiotic environment to enhance construction capacity, and reinforce mutualistic symbiotic models to alleviate construction dilemmas. Only with these collective efforts can new paradigms for Healthy Village development be forged.

Key words: traditional medicine, rural revitalization, mutualistic symbiosis, Healthy Village development