Abstract: Grounded in the frameworks of resource conservation theory, social exchange theory, social identity theory, and social learning theory, this study utilized a questionnaire survey methodology to investigate the influence of paternalistic leadership on both organizational citizenship behavior and compulsory citizenship behavior by analyzing 501 valid responses gathered. The findings of the study indicate that: 1) authoritarian leadership positively influences compulsory citizenship behavior, with work pressure serving as a mediating factor; 2) benevolent leadership exerts notable positive effect on organizational citizenship behavior, wherein self-efficacy acts as a mediating variable; 3) moral leadership demonstrates a positive impact on organizational citizenship behavior; 4) paternalistic leadership exerts a favorable influence on organizational citizenship behavior, as the cumulative positive effects of benevolent and moral leadership surpass the adverse effects of authoritarian leadership; and 5) paternalistic leadership positively affects compulsory organizational citizenship behavior, albeit the beneficial contributions of benevolent and moral leadership are mitigated by the stronger negative repercussions of authoritarian leadership. In light of these findings, the following management suggestions are proffered to organizational leaders: Firstly, it is imperative to adopt an employee-centric management paradigm, thereby mitigating the prevalence of autocratic leadership styles. Secondly, leaders should strive to embody virtuous leadership attributes.

Key words: paternalistic leadership, organizational citizenship behavior, compulsory citizenship behavior, work stress, self-efficacy