Abstract: Lenin's What to Do?, a classic article on proletarian party construction, contains abundant ideas regarding self-revolution. Analyzing Lenin’s thought on self-revolution contained therein from four dimensions-self-purification, self-perfection, self-innovation and self-improvement-will be helpful to better understand the thought of self-revolution of proletarian parties. It suggests that to do a good job of Party building in the new era we should carry out criticism and self-criticism, actively identify problems and rectify them, focus on the “key minority,” cultivate high-quality leading personnel, follow the mass line, always adhere to the people-center philosophy, adhere to the guidance of Marxism, and arm the mind with scientific theory.

Key words: Lenin, What to Do?, self-revolution, Party building, contemporary significance