Abstract: Ultra minority ethnic group refers to one with population smaller than 100,000, such as Achang, De’ang, Pumi and other four ethnic peoples. These people have their spoken but not written languages, so they rely on oral transmission, or folk tales, to inherit their unique, rich ethnic culture. In these folk tales of various forms, their cognition of the ecology and ethical care for the nature are demonstrated in a multi-dimensional manner, which has great significance for our society where ecological culture and civilization are advocated.

Key words: ultra minority ethnic group of Yunnan, folk tale, ecology, ethics