Abstract: To address the critical issue of thermal-induced power degradation in photovoltaic (PV) modules, this study developed a multilayer thermally conductive encapsulation material composed of aluminum nitride/ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer/aluminum oxide/polyvinylidene fluoride (AlN/EVA/Al₂O₃/PVDF). The composite material was applied to the back layer of silicon solar cells to fabricate PV modules with enhanced heat dissipation properties. A systematic investigation was conducted to evaluate the influence of the thermally conductive material on the thermal and electrical performance of the modules. Experimental results demonstrated that the composite encapsulation material significantly improved thermal regulation in the solar modules. At a thermal conductivity of 0.8794 W/(m·K), the front-side operating temperature of the module decreased by 2.18°C, while the back-side temperature increased by 2.31°C, confirming the material's superior heat dissipation capability. Electrical performance analysis revealed notable enhancements in the modules employing this encapsulation material: the growth rate of short-circuit current (ISC) decreased by 9.5%, the degradation rate of open-circuit voltage (VOC) by 18.8%, the maximum power (Pmax) and conversion efficiency (Etac) degradation rates by 22.9%, and the fill factor (FF) degradation rate by 27.4%. This study demonstrates that optimizing the thermal conductivity of encapsulation materials and improving heat dissipation pathways can effectively regulate the operating temperature of PV modules, thereby significantly enhancing their output performance. The findings provide a novel technical strategy for developing high-performance PV encapsulation materials, offering substantial application value for improving the overall efficiency and reliability of photovoltaic systems.

Key words: composite thermal conductive encapsulation material, solar cell module, thermal conductivity, temperature characteristic, electrical characteristic