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20 May 2025, Volume 40 Issue 3 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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New Energy
Physics
Life Science and Chemistry
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New Energy

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Design and Numerical Simulation of a Solar-Driven Methanol Steam Reforming Hydrogen Production System Incorporating Fresnel Reflector Concentration DU Wenping, HE Jinghong, YANG Jie 2025, 40(3):  1-12.  Abstract ( 45 )   PDF (4286KB) ( 29 )   This study proposes a novel concentrated solar-driven methanol steam reforming hydrogen production system that integrates photothermal conversion with reactor thermal management through a symmetrical Fresnel reflector array. The system comprises 14 Fresnel reflector units forming a 1.2 m long concentrating module to achieve a theoretical concentration ratio of 11.56 and optical efficiency of 84.3%. A three-dimensional multiphysics coupling model was established using ANSYS Fluent to simulate temperature distribution, flow field characteristics, and component variations within the reactor under standard test conditions (1000 W/m² irradiance). Numerical results demonstrate that the concentrator delivers a stable thermal flux of 600 W to a 400 mm × 20 mm focal plane, maintaining a thermally stable zone (560 ± 45 K) across the reactor's rear 30 cm section with a temperature gradient of -4.6 K/cm and effective reaction space utilisation of 75%. Mass transport simulations reveal distinct reaction phases: the initial 0-8 cm section serves as a methanol phase-change preheating zone without hydrogen production; the 8-32 cm central section constitutes the primary reaction zone with 82.6% methanol conversion; and the terminal 32-40 cm section exhibits reactant depletion, reducing conversion to 11.4%. Under 1000 W/m² irradiation, hydrogen production reaches 0.36 NL/min with 64.2% mass fraction at the outlet. The study confirms effective thermal compatibility between Fresnel concentrators and tubular reformers while identifying challenges in terminal reaction stagnation and flow field disturbances. Future work will combine experimental validation to optimize system parameter matching and flow regime control to provide critical data for engineering applications. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on Performance Optimization of the Solar Cell Module Using Composite Thermal Conductive Encapsulation Materials LI Wentao, HE Yongtai, ZHU Xing 2025, 40(3):  13-19.  Abstract ( 35 )   PDF (3810KB) ( 9 )   To address the critical issue of thermal-induced power degradation in photovoltaic (PV) modules, this study developed a multilayer thermally conductive encapsulation material composed of aluminum nitride/ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer/aluminum oxide/polyvinylidene fluoride (AlN/EVA/Al2O3/PVDF). The composite material was applied to the back layer of silicon solar cells to fabricate PV modules with enhanced heat dissipation properties. A systematic investigation was conducted to evaluate the influence of the thermally conductive material on the thermal and electrical performance of the modules. Experimental results demonstrated that the composite encapsulation material significantly improved thermal regulation in the solar modules. At a thermal conductivity of 0.8794 W/(m·K), the front-side operating temperature of the module decreased by 2.18°C, while the back-side temperature increased by 2.31°C, confirming the material's superior heat dissipation capability. Electrical performance analysis revealed notable enhancements in the modules employing this encapsulation material: the growth rate of short-circuit current (ISC) decreased by 9.5%, the degradation rate of open-circuit voltage (VOC) by 18.8%, the maximum power (Pmax) and conversion efficiency (Etac) degradation rates by 22.9%, and the fill factor (FF) degradation rate by 27.4%. This study demonstrates that optimizing the thermal conductivity of encapsulation materials and improving heat dissipation pathways can effectively regulate the operating temperature of PV modules, thereby significantly enhancing their output performance. The findings provide a novel technical strategy for developing high-performance PV encapsulation materials, offering substantial application value for improving the overall efficiency and reliability of photovoltaic systems. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Fault Location Method of Wind Farm Transmission Line Based on ICEEMDAN and Improved TEO RAO Hongjiang, PENG Jie, LIU Mingyang 2025, 40(3):  20-28.  Abstract ( 19 )   PDF (1884KB) ( 3 )   Aiming to solve the problem of possible CEEMDAN fault location failure caused by noise residual and modal spurious problems in wind farm station side traveling wave detection, a new method of current traveling wave fault location based on ICEEMDAN and NTEO is proposed. The ICEEMDAN algorithm that can efficiently mitigate modal aliasing is employed to decompose the current traveling wave signal into intrinsic mode components and residual components. Subsequently, the NTEO algorithm is utilized to perform denoising on the decomposed first-order high-frequency signal, thereby enhancing the fault mutation characteristics of the traveling wave. According to the instantaneous energy peak characteristics, the first arrival time of the traveling wave head is accurately calibrated to achieve fast and reliable fault location. Simulation results show that while both CEEMDAN-NTEO and CEEMDAN-NTEO can accurately calibrate the fault traveling wave head, ICEEMDAN-NTEO traveling wave fault location method has better robustness. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Innovation and Practice Research on the “451” Applied Talent Training Model for Majors of New Energy Science and Engineering ZHAO Hengli, ZI Xingfa, SUN Kun 2025, 40(3):  29-34.  Abstract ( 28 )   PDF (2083KB) ( 10 )   Against the backdrop of the global energy revolution and the “dual carbon” strategy, the demand for composite application-oriented talents in the new energy industry is becoming increasingly urgent. In response to the structural contradictions of the traditional engineering education model in terms of outdated curriculum, disconnection of academia from industry, and insufficient practical abilities, the “451” training model for application-oriented students is proposed for innovation in majors of new energy science and engineering. Taking “education-industry integration and school-enterprise collaboration” as the main line, this model constructs “five major systems” and “four guarantees” to achieve deep integration between talent cultivation and industry demand through measures such as hierarchical project-based teaching, dual mentor system, and school-enterprise joint curriculum development. Practice has shown that this model significantly enhances the students' employment competitiveness, success rates at postgraduate entrance examinations, and innovation output. Moreover, it upgrades school-enterprise cooperation from “point cooperation” to “ecological co-construction,” providing a reference paradigm for the cultivation of new engineering students in universities and effectively meeting needs of the national new energy strategy and regional industrial development. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Physics

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Entanglement Entropy and Scaling Laws on Non-Hermitian SSH Model with Next-next-nearest Hopping YANG Zhenghao, LU Chaoze, LU Xiancong 2025, 40(3):  35-43.  Abstract ( 29 )   PDF (3386KB) ( 11 )   We studied the entanglement entropy and its scaling laws on the one-dimensional non-Hermitian Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model with long-range next-next-nearest hopping. The next-next-nearest hopping leads to the appearance of the topological phase with winding number 2, and the critical points on phase boundaries are also divided into different categories. Based on this, we calculated the central charge of these critical systems using the scaling laws of entanglement entropy. The study on the generalized Brillouin zone demonstrates the self-intersection phenomenon of both energy spectra and generalized Brillouin zones induced by the next-next-nearest hopping, and the results reveal that the bulk-boundary correspondence could still be restored. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Physical and Chemical Properties of the Low-mass Star-forming System CG1 in W51 IRS2 TANG Mengyao, TAO Linyu, LI Rukai, HUANG Hao, LI Juan 2025, 40(3):  44-49.  Abstract ( 20 )   PDF (4809KB) ( 3 )   Based on high-resolution observational data from the ALMA telescope at the 1.3 mm and 3 mm bands, we conducted a search and high-resolution study of low-mass star-forming systems within the massive star-forming region W51 IRS2. For the first time, a low-mass star-forming system CG1 was discovered in this region. Through continuum observations, the mass of the CG1 system, determined to be 1.4-4.2 M⊙, exhibits characteristic thermal radiation spectral indices (α=2-3.5). Using the MADCUBA software under the local thermodynamic equilibrium assumption, we successfully identified 17 interstellar molecular species in the spectral line data from both bands and precisely calculated physical parameters of gas temperature (245-579 K), column density (1015-1018 cm-2), and relative abundance (10-9-10-6). This study revealed the physical and chemical properties of an isolated low-mass system within the massive star-forming region W51 IRS2 for the first time, providing critical observational evidence for theoretical research on star formation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on Identification of Confusable Chinese Herbs by FTIR Combined with Multivariate Statistical Analysis ZHANG Chuanyun, LI Desheng, LIANG Siyue, LI Lun, LIU Ruifan, ZHANG Deqing 2025, 40(3):  50-57.  Abstract ( 14 )   PDF (3124KB) ( 3 )   In this paper, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ( FTIR ) combined with multivariate statistical analysis was used to identify and analyze the two kinds of confusable Chinese herbs, Sedum emarginatum and Portulaca oleracea. The analysis results of infrared spectra showed that the chemical components in these two kinds of confusable Chinese herbs were similar, and both of them contained esters, proteins, alkalis, saccharide and flavonoids. However, there were obvious differences in their infrared spectra and second derivative infrared spectra in the 1800-700cm-1 band. In addition, hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), principal component analysis (PCA), and discriminant analysis (DA) were sequentially conducted with the second derivative infrared spectra of 32 random herbal samples selected from them in the 1800-700cm-1 range. The HCA results indicated that when the inter-group distance was 6, samples of the 32 Chinese herbs were clustered into two categories. The PCA revealed that the cumulative variance contribution of the first three principal components had exceeded 96%, and on the 3D distribution figure of principal components, the 32 samples were aggregated in two different regions with a significant classification effect, and the samples of the same Chinese herbs had good aggregation. Then, the first three principal components were utilized as the variables for discriminant analysis. The 32 herbal samples were accurately classified into two distinct groups–Sedum emarginatum and Portulaca oleracea–based on the discriminant function. Furthermore, through discriminant verification, 100% correct discrimination of the two newly collected unknown samples was achieved. The above research results can provide theoretical basis and technical reference for the development of spectral identification technology of confusable Chinese herbs in the field of rapid detection and classification of Chinese herbs. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A New Method for Measuring the Refractive Index of Liquids Based on a Homemade Constant Deflection Prism DUAN Chaomi, YANG Zhiwen, HE Yang, JIANG Yunshan, DENG Rongqin, XIANG Wenli 2025, 40(3):  58-62.  Abstract ( 11 )   PDF (2611KB) ( 1 )   Based on the principle of geometric optics, a platform for measuring the refractive index of liquid was built by means of spectrometer, helium-neon laser and self-designed constant deflection prism glassware. With the assistance of real-time sensing function of smart phone light sensor, the deflection angle of the optical path in the constant deflection prism was easily and quickly determined to obtain the refractive index of liquid. The refractive index of deionized water and NaCl solution with different concentrations is determined accurately in this method, and the refractive index measurement error is much lower than 5%. The constant deflection prism optical path has the advantages of ingenious design, simple angle judgment, convenient operation, obvious experimental phenomenon, accurate and reliable measurement results, and scientific and feasible design method. It can be popularized as a new method for measuring the refractive index of liquid and as a new comprehensive design of university physics experiment project. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Life Science and Chemistry

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Optimization of Extraction Process for Total Flavonoids from Jasmine Using Response Surface Methodology ZHAO Xianfang, YANG Chunyun, KANG Shanmeng, ZI Ruiting, TAN Jian, LI Zhigao, DAI Longfei, NAN Lijun 2025, 40(3):  63-68.  Abstract ( 26 )   PDF (2006KB) ( 3 )   Jasmine total flavonoids have high medicinal value. To fully utilize the total flavonoids in jasmine, an extracting technology of the water bath method was used and optimized with response surface methodology. The results showed that factors affecting the extraction ratio of jasmine total flavonoids, in descending order of degree of influence, include the ratio of material to liquid, extraction temperature, extraction time, and ethanol concentration. The optimal process parameters for production include an extraction temperature of 70°C, extraction time of 60 minutes, material to liquid ratio of 1:50 (mL/mg), and ethanol concentration of 60%. Under these conditions, the maximum extraction rate reached 0.5663%. The extraction rate of jasmine total flavonoids after optimization was slightly higher than those in similar studies, indicating that the extraction method explored in this research has practical application value. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Inhibition Effect of Panatx Notoginseng Extractive on the Corrosion of Steel in Hydrochloric Acid Solution CHEN Wen, GUO Yingcheng, YANG Yuanshu, LI Chunjuan, ZHANG Hongyan, HU Yunxiao 2025, 40(3):  69-75.  Abstract ( 16 )   PDF (2369KB) ( 4 )   Panatx notoginseng extractive (PNE) achieved by immersion was investigated as a corrosion inhibitor for Q235 steel in 1 mol·L-1 HCl solution by means of the weight loss and electrochemical methods, with a view to providing experimental bases for the development and utilization of plant-type pickling corrosion inhibitors. The results showed that PNE could retard the rate of metal corrosion reaction, and belongs to mixed-type inhibitor in mechanism. The corrosion inhibition performance for PNE is positively correlated with its own concentration, which becomes weaker with the increase of test temperature. The adsorption of PNE molecules conforms to the Langmuir equation, and leads to the elevation of activation energy of the corrosion reaction and then reduces the reaction rate. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Advances in the Study of Dinosaur Respiratory System ZHANG Xiaoqin, WANG Zhenji, WANG Guofu, SU Xing, WANG Tao 2025, 40(3):  76-85.  Abstract ( 109 )   PDF (2296KB) ( 42 )   Dinosaurs represent one of the most successful vertebrate groups in the geological history of the Earth which, since the birth of the term “dinosaur” in 1841, have captivated our interest and enthusiasm in exploration of prehistoric life. As supremely adapted terrestrial vertebrates, dinosaurs achieved remarkable evolutionary and ecological success, characterized by diverse respiratory and metabolic adaptations. This paper synthesizes recent research on dinosaur respiratory systems through five key physiological indicators–presence of air sacs, uncinate processes on ribs, nasal turbinate structures, bone growth rates, and cardiovascular system features–to reconstruct the evolutionary development of dinosaur respiration, advance comprehensive understanding of dinosaur physiology, and provide scientifically grounded content for public education purposes. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Current Status, Challenges, and Prospects of Black Soldier Fly for Biodegradation of Livestock and Poultry Manure HU Ningmeng, WANG Ziyan, FANG Yuan, CHEN Hezhou, TAO Lei 2025, 40(3):  86-92.  Abstract ( 32 )   PDF (2303KB) ( 14 )   China is a leading country of animal husbandry. Livestock and poultry breeding processes generate substantial quantities of manure, which adversely affects the atmosphere, water bodies, soil, and human health, thereby presenting a significant challenge to pollution control. The black soldier fly is a resource insect with advantages, such as rapid reproduction, a broad diet, and high absorption and conversion rates. Adult black soldier flies do not disturb humans, and both their larvae and frass have high utilization values. It can not only treat livestock and poultry manure harmlessly but also achieve resource recovery, offering broad application prospects. This paper summarizes the research progress of biotransformation of livestock and poultry manure by black soldier flies, reviews the basic principles and mechanisms of the biotransformation technology, elaborates on the performance and advantages of the biotransformation for resource utilization, analyzes the current status and challenges in the research and application of the biotransformation, and looks forward to its application prospects, with the aim of providing a scientific basis and research reference for the resourceful treatment of livestock and poultry manure. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Plastome Comparison of Saururaceae LIU Changkun, SHAO Man, CHEN Shuli, QIU Dan, XU Xiangcui, BAN Xinyao 2025, 40(3):  93-99.  Abstract ( 25 )   PDF (5146KB) ( 21 )   The Saururaceae family, a member of remaining paleoherbs with medicinal value, shows typically East Asian-North American disjunction. However, plastome features of this family have not been clarified, which has severely hindered the utilization of Saururaceae plants and understanding of the origin, early evolution and distribution pattern of angiosperm. Hence, we conducted comprehensively plastome comparative analyses for Saururaceae, including three genera of four genera. The results showed that plastomes of Saururaceae were highly conserved in terms of genomic structure, gene content and arrangement. Nevertheless, their genomic sizes varied remarkably, which may be caused by the insertion/deletion of bases. In addition, two high variable regions (rps16-trn Q-UUG and rpl 32-trn L-UAG) were selected among plastomes that can serve as candidate specific barcoding for species identification of Saururaceae and three SSR types (tri-nucleotides, penta-nucleotides and hexa-nucleotides) were provided as specific molecular makers to recognize Saururus chinensis. Generally speaking, our results provide new insights into species evolution and identification of Saururaceae. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Mathematics

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On the Remainder of Power LIU Peng, WANG Xuemei 2025, 40(3):  100-103.  Abstract ( 19 )   PDF (1631KB) ( 1 )   This article presents a solution to exponentiation remainder problems. When the base and modulus are coprime, Euler's theorem can be directly applied. If not, a transformation is needed before applying it. The article demonstrates this method through multiple examples. For common exponentiation last-digit problems in exams, just retain the last digit of the base and take the exponent modulo 4 for quick solutions when the modulus is 10. Overall, this article offers an effective and systematic approach to solving exponentiation remainder problems, with both theoretical and practical value. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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An Inequality for Legendrian Submanifolds in Sasakian Space Forms WU Peifang, LI Fengjiang 2025, 40(3):  104-108.  Abstract ( 21 )   PDF (1664KB) ( 2 )   In this paper, we consider the n-dimensional Legendrian submanifolds in the 2n+1-dimensional Sasakian space forms based on the basic formula of submanifolds. First, we obtain an inequality on the second fundamental form and the mean curvature vector of the Legendrian submanifold, and further establish an integral inequality for the n-dimensional compact Legendrian submanifold using the classic K. Yano's formula. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Economics and Management

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Research on the Indicator System and Measurement of High-Quality Economic Development in Guizhou Province WEI Zijun, LU Guihui, OU Na 2025, 40(3):  109-122.  Abstract ( 29 )   PDF (3284KB) ( 2 )   Scientific measurement of the level of high-quality economic development and analysis of its evolution trend are of great practical significance to the promotion of high-quality development in Guizhou in the new era. Taking the five new development concepts as the basic framework and taking into consideration the main strategy of “four news” and “four transformations” and the main positioning of “four regions and one highland,” the article constructs a static-dynamic combination of high-quality economic evaluation index system. Meanwhile the high-quality economic development level of nine prefectures in Guizhou from 2012 to 2021 was measured using the entropy weight-B-TOPSIS measurement method. The results show that： the level of Guizhou's high-quality economic development is rising steadily,but both the overall level of development and the rate of increase are relatively low; regionally,there is a spatial distribution pattern of “one high and eight lows” with a significant gap between the provincial capital and the other prefectures. The analysis shows that insufficient industrial development,innovation driving force,and support for open development are the major factors undermining quality of Guizhou's economic development. Based on conclusions of the study,countermeasures are proposed to promote high-quality development of Guizhou's economy in terms of east-west industrial transfer,digital economy development,rural industry revitalization,green economy development,“One Belt,One Road” construction,education,and medical sharing. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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An Empirical Study on the Influence of Internal Control on Quality of ESG Information Disclosure CHEN Gen, YANG Guoyu, ZHANG Qin 2025, 40(3):  123-135.  Abstract ( 41 )   PDF (1671KB) ( 3 )   In the context where green development has become a global consensus,being low-carbon and environment friendly is increasingly welcomed by the capital market. Research on influence of internal control on ESG information disclosure is scarce,especially that from the perspective of relationship between system design and non-financial indicators of enterprises. Taking as study object companies going public on China's stock markets between 2009 and 2021,this article tests empirically the influence of internal control on ESG information disclosure. The results show that internal control encourages enterprise to disclose high-quality ESG information. Viewed from the conductive process,internal control checks occurrence of agency cost,upgrades digital transformation and further improves quality of ESG information disclosure. A closer analysis shows that in state-owned enterprises and those with better political governance,higher level of legal compliance and greater market readiness,the promotion effect is more obvious. Based on the above conclusions,the authors contend that,in addition to paying continuous attention to system construction of enterprise internal control,promoting both vertical and horizontal development,perfecting enterprise internal control system,and controlling agency cost,it is desirable to apply the latest technology to improve management and avoid short-sighted managerial operations so as to guide enterprises to disclose high-quality ESG information with more effective system design. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Paths for Sustainable Marketing Capability Construction and Performance Enhancement for Time-Honored Brands of Yunnan LI Xiangyu, QIU Linjun 2025, 40(3):  136-149.  Abstract ( 31 )   PDF (1709KB) ( 10 )   The inheritance of time-honored brands is a long-term task and all enterprises concerned must respond promptly to environmental changes to avoid stagnation. This study emphasizes that the key to sustainable development of time-honored brands lies in the construction of their enduring marketing capabilities. However, research on the cultivation and effects of sustainable marketing capabilities for time-honored brands remains insufficient. Therefore, this study focused on sustainable marketing capability and integrated its underlying reasons and their outcomes. Using enterprises behind Yunnan's time-honored brands as the research context, this study primarily surveyed managers and employees from 52 time-honored enterprises in Yunnan Province and developed a research model. The findings reveal that active ambidextrous learning significantly facilitates the development of sustainable marketing capabilities and enhances enterprise performance. Sustainable marketing capability mediates the relationship between ambidextrous learning and enterprise performance. The optimization of policy and market environments further strengthens the positive impact of sustainable marketing capability on enterprise performance. This study provides methods for cultivating sustainable marketing capabilities in time-honored enterprises and offers valuable insights into maintaining competitiveness and implementing long-term management strategies. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Library and Information Science

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Research on Optimizing the Service Strategy of County Public Libraries under the Background of Cultural and Tourism Integration GAO Jianhui, CHENG Hong 2025, 40(3):  150-155.  Abstract ( 34 )   PDF (1558KB) ( 7 )   With the continuous improvement of the public cultural service system, the integrated development of culture and tourism has become both an important opportunity and a severe challenge for public libraries. Based on an investigation of the problems in the relevant services of county-level libraries, this article first summarizes and draws on the excellent practices and experiences in the innovative practice of culture-tourism integration services in Luliang County Library before finally proposing service optimization strategies for county-level libraries from the following aspects: 1) deepening the concept of culture-tourism integration services; 2) improving relevant policies and mechanisms; 3) strengthening personnel team construction; and 4) innovating culture-tourism integration service models. Our research has certain reference value for the transformation and development of county-level public libraries and service innovation in the new era. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Empowering Rural Revitalization through Public Libraries: Intrinsic Logic, Functions, and Pathways XI Kaimin 2025, 40(3):  156-160.  Abstract ( 34 )   PDF (1535KB) ( 3 )   Public libraries provide vital power for rural revitalization, reflecting both the institutional framework of national strategies for comprehensive rural revitalization and the practical needs of rural communities. In the new era, public libraries play a pivotal role in providing intellectual support for rural revitalization programs by enhancing the villagers' digital literacy and guiding the development of rural culture. To effectively empower rural revitalization, public libraries should: 1) precisely align services with local needs while emphasizing their unique capacity for cultural and spiritual enrichment; and 2) continuously expand information resources to strengthen their knowledge provision capabilities. References | Related Articles | Metrics