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    Chinese Poetics
    Study on Yang Shen's Three Visits to Menghua
    CHA Zhigao
    2021, 36(2):  1-7. 
    Abstract ( 11 )   PDF (1783KB) ( 74 )  
    According to historical records, Yang Shen led a long and Mongolian life, made extensive friends, and exchanged poems and texts during his exile to Yongchang, Yunnan Province. He was treated with courtesy throughout his stay there and his stay benefited the local scholars. Research on Yang Shen's itineraries and timelines in Yunnan shows that his three visits to Menghua were made in mid-February of the 4th year (1525), late March of the 10th year (1531), and Mid-Autumn Festival of the 12th year (1533) respectively, all during the reign of Emperor Jiajing.
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    General Theory of Poetry-Writing Posture of Widows in Jiangnan in the Qing Dynasty
    JIN Haoyue, LUO Xinquan
    2021, 36(2):  8-18. 
    Abstract ( 14 )   PDF (1790KB) ( 15 )  
    Writing posture is the external manifestation of a poet's writing mentality. In the Qing Dynasty (1644–1911), widows in the regions south of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River (traditionally referred to as “Jiangnan”) often lamented their husbands with tears and expressed their grief in poems long and short. Mental postures underlying composition of these poems reminiscent of their loved ones can be roughly divided into eight kinds: 1) grief over the lost loves; 2) wish to join the deceased in the after world; 3) remembrance on special days; 4) commitment to carrying on filial duties; 5) difficulties in up-brining the children; 6) moments touched by past memories; 7) helplessness facing a wandering life in a troubled time; and 8) mixed emotions of seeing husbands in dreams. These postures all truly present the self-images of these widows in the Qing Dynasty under different time nodes and circumstances, revealing all aspects of their lives of sadness, despair, pain, struggle and deep mourning as well as their real personalities.
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    Linguistics Research
    On the Disposal Style of Wanbi Dai Language
    ZHOU Yan
    2021, 36(2):  19-25. 
    Abstract ( 11 )   PDF (1765KB) ( 4 )  
    The disposition style of Wanbi Dai language is an active sentence marked with “ja¹ˊ ba”, which indicates that the actor has a positive influence on the recipient. Compared with other dialects and native dialects of the Dai language, its disposition mark“ja¹”has a relatively high degree of grammaticalization and forms an opposite and complementary relation with the tool case mark ʔau¹ˊ, showing similar characteristics to the Dongshui branch; the disposal object and disposal mark grammaticalization are low in semantic compulsory matching.
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    On Rōng - a Term for “Elder Sister” in the Wa Language
    WANG Yushan, ZHAO Yun
    2021, 36(2):  26-30. 
    Abstract ( 66 )   PDF (1789KB) ( 5 )  
    Through linguistic, ethnological and comparative study on the term rōng, or sister, of the Wa language in Bankao and Nansa, Cangyuan County, this paper holds that rōng (a term for “elder sister” in the Wa language) is derived from the rōng originally meaning “trunk of a tree”. As a figurative expression connoting an essential bread-earning and authoritative member in a family used to refer to elder sister, rōng is a matriarchal sign of the ancient Wa society.
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    Modern and Contemporary Chinese Literature
    A Comparative Analysis of the Narrative Art of Plague— Taking Corolla Virus and The Plague as Examples
    BU Xiaoji, BU Hui
    2021, 36(2):  31-35. 
    Abstract ( 31 )   PDF (1849KB) ( 24 )  
    The plague is an important object of literature and one of the most written themes by Chinese and foreign writers. Under the similar background of plague outbreak, both Bi Shumin's Corolla Virus and Camus's The Plague depict different aspects of human nature on the basis of reflection. From the perspectives of narrator, narrative focus, narrative time, and narrative scene, this article compares and analyzes the plague narrative art of the two works to explore why such works can be full of foresight into the plague while retaining humanistic aesthetic values and the spiritual power to subject individual interest to that of the greater cause.
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    Outline of Contemporary Chinese Ecological Novels YAN Huixia, GAO Xuguo
    YAN Huixia, GAO Xuguo
    2021, 36(2):  36-43. 
    Abstract ( 21 )   PDF (1760KB) ( 6 )  
    The connotation of ecological thought of contemporary Chinese ecological novel creation mainly includes three aspects: caring for animals, love for the nature and harmony of all things. In the 1980s, writers engaged in the creation of ecological novels were divided into two groups, one seeking cultural root and the other protecting environment. The writers engaged in the creation of ecological novels in the 1990s are composed of two parts – the“old writers”from the 1980s and the“new writers.”There are new changes in the creation of ecological novels in the 21st century: more attention to the portrayal of the ecological protector, new criteria above the simple binary right-wrong criticism in the ideological connotation and value judgment, and notable improvement in artistic standard and aesthetic ability.
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    Multi-dimensional Deconstruction of the Traditional Ethics- On the Fundamental Anxiety in Yan Zhen's Novels
    HE Ganggang
    2021, 36(2):  44-49. 
    Abstract ( 11 )   PDF (1784KB) ( 31 )  
    There is a fundamental anxiety throughout Yan Zhen's novels, i.e. material money worship and relativism of values prevailing among the intellectuals in crisis of belief facing deconstruction of the traditional ethics under multi-dimensional impact. To this problem, two solutions are vaguely suggested by the novelist in his works: 1) re-establishing the moral benchmark by tracing back to the traditional ethics; and 2) transcending the contradiction through aesthetic salvation. Effect of the traditional ethics is, however, limited while aesthetic salvation is a form of poetic self comfort rather than a practical solution to the realistic dilemma faced by the intellectuals. The reconstruction of the spiritual world of the contemporary intellectuals requires as premise protection of their basic individual rights and greater freedom of thought by law.
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    Food Studies
    An Elementary Study on the Diet Custom of the Chuanqing People
    HE Hong
    2021, 36(2):  50-57. 
    Abstract ( 25 )   PDF (1740KB) ( 13 )  
    The Chuanqing are a people of unascertained ethnic status in Guizhou Province. Field investigation was conducted to explore their diet custom, the results of which show that a distinguishable diet vocabulary of their own has developed while influence of cultures of the surrounding peoples (including the Han) are present.
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    Reflections on Diet Education in the Post-Pandemic Era
    GAN Feiyun
    2021, 36(2):  58-61. 
    Abstract ( 22 )   PDF (1708KB) ( 4 )  
    We are now in the post-pandemic era and it is time that we, in the right manner, face three phenomena of the current diet education, realize the importance and necessity of diet inheritance, and identify the subject of diet education. Efforts should be made to compile local coursebooks, develop diet-oriented tourism, offer courses like Diet Culture, and popularize diet education among pre-school children, primary school pupils as well as middle school and college students to help them develop positive values.
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    Education & Psychology Studies
    The “Metaphysics” in the View of Cognition Characteristics— On the Taoist Radical Embodied Cognition
    YIN Keli, YANG Yang
    2021, 36(2):  62-71. 
    Abstract ( 60 )   PDF (2065KB) ( 27 )  
    The embodiment in ancient Chinese Confucianism and Taoism is embodied cognition in ancient Chinese psychological thought. However, Confucianism and Taoism have never agreed to each other. Taking representations and computation characteristics as clues, the authors first explain the differences between embodied cognition of Confucianism and that of Taoism before clarifying that the Confucian embodied cognition belongs to the “moderate school” while the Taoist embodied cognition belongs to the “radical school” from the phenomenological perspective. Likewise, the authors present their psychological interpretation as to why the major Taoist “metaphysics” categories–Tao, Qi, Shi, Xiang–are “radical” by taking the characteristics of representations and computations as clues from the perspective of phenomenology so as to compare them with Western radical embodied cognition. In addition, the Taoist views of emotions and the emotional views of radical enactivism could also be dialogue. This article tries to fully illustrate the characteristics and unique contributions of Taoist radical embodied cognition, so as to open up new vision for Taoism research in the psychological field and promote research on development of embodied cognition in China.
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    On the Generation Process of Educational Technology
    ZHOU Ziyan, TANG Shubo, YANG Shengrong
    2021, 36(2):  72-81. 
    Abstract ( 16 )   PDF (1775KB) ( 4 )  
    The core discourse of educational technology is nothing but technology. To inquire the generation process of technology from the dimension of technology philosophy is, therefore, very reasonable. Mainly departing from the perspective of the relationship between education and technology, current educational technology inquiries explore the value of technology education focused on“subjectification of object and objectification of subject.”Under the greater background of“empirical turn”of technology philosophy, to reveal the“black box”of educational technology by studying its generation process is a necessary choice. Cross-disciplinary migration of technology is the main approach through which educational technology is generated while secondary development of or patented educational technology is seldom seen. Whatever, it is a dynamic development process of choice, generation, application, popularization and innovation of educational technology–a process of adapting the unaccustomed to the accustomed. Following the paradigm of technology generation research in technology philosophy and focusing on the restructure and function adjustment of technology after its entry into the education realm, this paper is an inquiry into aspects regarding conformity of technology to education regulations to grasp the generation mechanism of educational technology.
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    Bibliometric Analysis of Space Concept Research in China
    MENG Jing, ZHOU Shanwei
    2021, 36(2):  82-87. 
    Abstract ( 7 )   PDF (1774KB) ( 34 )  
    The demand of the society for the imagination of talents has caused more and more educators to explore the concept of space in the smart era. In this paper, 318 papers with spatial concept as the research object are analyzed from the aspects of annual number of publications, research topics and research methods. The findings: the number of studies on the concept of space continues to grow. The curriculum focuses on the content of "graphics and geometry" in primary and secondary schools, and there is little integration of the curriculum. In terms of teaching, most of the research focuses on the strategy of space concept cultivation, and the research method focuses on non-empirical research such as theoretical speculation and experience summary, while model abstraction based on experience is seldom discussed. Moreover, articles on learning and evaluation are scarce and no scientific evaluation system is applied.
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    Thought on Anchoring the Red Culture in Routine Ideological and Political Education of College Students
    TIAN Weiliang
    2021, 36(2):  88-92. 
    Abstract ( 12 )   PDF (1766KB) ( 26 )  
    To anchor the Red Culture in routine ideological and political education of college students is required by both dissemination of the Red Culture itself and practical necessity of daily ideological and political education of college students. It is natural to do so as both share the same objectives, overlap in content and inter-complement in functions. Actual anchoring process, however, could come across deterrents: absence of both subjects and objects as well as inappropriate discourse and role misappropriation. It is thus required that efforts be made in aspects of emotional integration, situation reproduction and vehicle construction.
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    Politics Studies
    Interlocking-Differentiation-Symbiosis: The Inner Logic Interpretation of the Social Integration of the CPC— Social Integration Experience since the Founding of New China Condensed
    FU Liping, MA Li
    2021, 36(2):  93-100. 
    Abstract ( 6 )   PDF (1847KB) ( 22 )  
    The current research on the social integration of the ruling party includes three kinds: functionalism research paradigm, institutionalism research paradigm and constructivism research paradigm. China has undergone two major social transitions since the founding of the People's Republic in 1949 and its state and social relations have experienced three stages, namely interlocking, differentiating and symbiosis, which are manifested in the way that the Chinese Communist Party integrates the internal logic of social integration. Social integration has experienced the replacement process of“revolutionary integration mode,”“spiral integration mode”and“empowerment integration mode.”To constantly meet the growing needs of the people for a better life in the future in a society characterized by “unbalanced and inadequate development,” it is necessary that positive social forces be mobilized, greater social vitality generated and more space allowed to the society.
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    Reflections on the Multiple Effects of and Strategies for the Construction of the Long March Walk
    WANG Xilin, DIAO Guoqing
    2021, 36(2):  101-109. 
    Abstract ( 10 )   PDF (1767KB) ( 3 )  
    With rich content and unique characteristics, the Long March Walk is a project of permanent value and contemporary significance. It is a hardware platform on which the red genes are inherited, a linchpin through which the rural revitalization program is accomplished, and a channel by which quality of cultural tourism is enhanced. Viewing the Long March Walk project as a sheer new system engineering, this paper suggests approaches and concrete measures regarding constructing the project from four aspects including top-level design.
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    On Coordinated Construction of University Security Guarantee Force under the Perspective of Modernization of Governance Capability
    LIN Wei
    2021, 36(2):  110-116. 
    Abstract ( 11 )   PDF (1761KB) ( 3 )  
    Governance system advancement and governance capability modernization are general requirements on all aspects of work of both the Party and the State in the new era. As an important integral part of modernization of both governance system and governance capability of the State,significance of modernization of the governance system and governance capability of university security in the new era on national security and social stability is beyond argument. Universities should,therefore,construct security guarantee forces of wide working scopes and strong working capability pursuant to new requirements regarding security and stability of universities in the new era and,departing from construction of coordinated work mechanism,innovate university security guarantee force construction approaches to building a solid firewall for university security and stability.
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    Calligraphy Studies
    On the Aesthetic Difference between Original Calligraphy Works and Reproductions— Taking Engravings and Printed Copies for Examples
    JIA Jintao
    2021, 36(2):  117-122. 
    Abstract ( 6 )   PDF (2616KB) ( 30 )  
    Calligraphy reproduction is an important material for learning and popularizing calligraphy. From manual copying in the ancient times to machine printing in our days,great differences between the original and its reproductions remain although the level of the latter has reached one “narrowly below the original.”Departing from a comparison between the ancient and modern copying methods,the author first analyzes the aesthetic differences between carved rubbings and printed pieces in four aspects,namely line thickness,ink color change,qi vein coherence and “thief light” appearance,before contending that it is these intangible changes that undermine the overall flavor of the calligraphy prints and thus perpetuating their quality as “below the original.”
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    On Geographical Distribution of Calligraphers of the South Song Dynasty
    HUANG Duansheng
    2021, 36(2):  123-128. 
    Abstract ( 6 )   PDF (1739KB) ( 3 )  
    The art of calligraphy and geographical distribution of its practitioners are closely related. In the South Song Dynasty (1127–1279),calligraphers were geographically wide-spread,in the dotted pattern in some places while in areal pattern in others. The most notable locations for concentrated calligrapher population included the Taihu Lake and the Qiantang River, or the modern south Jiangsu Province and the north Zhejiang Province. Of them all,Lin'an Prefecture (modern Hangzhou) was the most important. These characteristics had their profound historical roots and are highly attributable to the political,economic,cultural and other factors of the South Song Dynasty,an aspect of calligraphy culture that was to continue influencing both calligraphy styles and geographical distribution of calligraphers in the following three dynasties - the Yuan, the Ming and the Qing(1279–1911).
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    Folklore
    Cognition and Construction of the Five-Color Theory of the Color Culture of China
    TIAN Zhaoyuan
    2021, 36(2):  129-133. 
    Abstract ( 71 )   PDF (1797KB) ( 44 )  
    Color is as a cultural presentation as a natural phenomenon. To some extent, the color culture of China is one of the fundamental issues of its culture and a theory of universal truth as all cultures have their ways to interpret colors and China is no exception. For example, in Classificaciones Primitivas by Emile Durkheim and Marcel Mauss, colors are classified as a branch of knowledge and interpreted from the perspective of social stratum. The representative Chinese philosophy regarding color is the five-color theory according to which, argues Zhou Li or Rites of the Zhou, the five cardinal colors are a spatial marker and the whole universe is the result of their changes. In other words, the five colors form an institutional framework. Another classic Chun Qiu Fan Lu applies the five-color theory to the interpretation of history, contending that the first three historical dynasties of China - the Xia, the Shang and the Zhou (app. 21st century B.C. - 3rd century B.C.) - are nothing more than three colors: green, white and red. Meanwhile the four seasons of the year are just green, red, white and black. Shan Hai Jing, or The Classic of Mountain and Sea, further elaborates on the theory by introducing the idea of five shades. While cable of accentuating the beauty of the nature, this new theoretic development remains within a variation of the above mentioned institutional framework. Depicting the whites of the scorning eyes and the color of the graying hair of people living troubled lives, Shi Sho Xin Yu alters the five-color system into monochromatic or even colorless aesthetic rhetoric before Xiao Qing Ou Ji returns to the “colorless as colorful” paradigm through brining colors back to our perceptual life. As a unique multi-dimensional cognitive pedigree comprising institutional stipulations of the government as well as sensory conception of the folk at grass roots level, the Chinese color culture manifests the great Chinese culture in general that is both profound and subtle. It is the unity of world order and individual perception. The cognition and consumption of colors will have a splendid future in the new era.
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    Changes of the Image of Chang'e and Construction of the Image of “Reunion” of the Mid-Autumn Festival
    KE Xiaojie, ZHANG Sha
    2021, 36(2):  134-139. 
    Abstract ( 100 )   PDF (1829KB) ( 79 )  
    The Mid-Autumn Festival is a traditional Chinese festival that traces back to the rituals of offering sacrifices to the moon before the 3rd century B.C., thus its witchcraft and religious color. With the development of society and pass of time, its cultural connotation has undergone fundamental change and the original worship for the moon goddess gradually gave way to the notion of reunion. This process is related to the rewriting of Chang'e's image by the literati in the Tang and the Song Dynasties. In their works, Chang'e evolves from a medicine thief to a pathetic woman separated from her husband, a dramatization naturally associating separation and reunion with the Mid-Autumn Festival. It is in this sense that the keynote cultural connotation of the Mid-Autumn Festival has been established, enabling it to transcend time and space to become a national festival celebrated by all.
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    Local Culture
    New Evidence on Interactions of Tao Xigao and Tao Ting with Tao Gong— All Disciples of Philosopher Wang Yangming (Ⅲ)
    ZHU Heshuang, CAO Xiaohong
    2021, 36(2):  140-151. 
    Abstract ( 28 )   PDF (3850KB) ( 5 )  
    Huangyan, Zhejiang Province was the hometown of Tao Zongyi, a renowned writer and historian of the late 14th century. About two centuries later his descendants were sent to military exile in Yao'an Prefecture, Yunnan Province by the Ming government. Nurtured by their family tradition of success in the imperial examinations for promotion to officialdom, Tao Xigao, Tao Ting and Tao Gong - disciples of the 16th-century philosopher Wang Yangming (represented by Luo Rufang and Li Zaizhi) - eventually changed the academic scenario of Yunnan, with achievements in elementary schooling, Zen and calligraphy in particular, in late Ming Dynasty at the turn of the 17th century. Meanings of their pseudonyms, however, revealed their frustration and despair of living their helpless lives in the forlorn frontier regions, explaining their hope of freeing themselves from the limitation of their “family heartland blood” with the help of Jing Shan Zang.
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    Introduction and Dissemination of American Crops in Chuxiong as Recorded in Local Chronicles
    HOU Guanxiang, HOU Jun
    2021, 36(2):  152-160. 
    Abstract ( 14 )   PDF (1784KB) ( 10 )  
    In the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, or the first half of the 17th century, more than 30 crops – maize, sweet potato, potato, pepper, peanut, tobacco, etc. – were introduced into China, lifting the burden of food shortage caused by rapid population growth. Centering around the local chronicles, this paper is a presentation of the authors' study on the timelines, routes, and methods of introduction and dissemination of these crops in Chuxiong. Spread of the American crops helped the rapid population growth, benefited diet structure of the locals and enhanced the living standards of peoples of Chuxiong.
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