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    Ethnology Studies
    Establishment of the Chieftain System in the Yuan Dynasty and Recognition of the Yi Chieftains by the Central Government
    YANG Fuwang
    2021, 36(6):  1-7. 
    Abstract ( 30 )   PDF (1539KB) ( 11 )  
    The chieftain system was the organizational mode and system of local authorities adopted by the central governments of the Yuan (1279–1368), the Ming (1368–1644), the Qing (1644–1911) dynasties and the Republic of China (1912–1949) to implement their policy of “ruling the local through the local” in the border areas inhabited by minority ethnic groups. This system was first introduced in the Yuan Dynasty when the chieftains were formally integrated into the official echelons by the central government. Recognizing the central authority, or national identification, and recognizing and learning the Han culture were the prerequisites for the chieftains to obtain recognition or be officially accredited by the central government. By officially performing a role in accreditation, succession, taxation, promotion, reward, punishment, service allocation, imperial summon and education, the dynasties could strengthen the central authority and develop a sense of national identification and commitment among the chieftains. This process proved an important step for the Yi people of southwest China to enter the commonwealth of the Chinese nation.
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    On Stylized Metaphor in Orally-transmitted Yi Poems
    CHEN Yongxiang
    2021, 36(6):  8-13. 
    Abstract ( 11 )   PDF (1555KB) ( 7 )  
    Metaphors in the orally-transmitted poems of the Yi People originate from their observation of the nature, such as habits and characteristics of the animals and plants, observation of changes of natural phenomena, experience from production and life, or perception of their culture in general. Meige, one of the representative orally-transmitted Yi epics, shows that use of metaphors follow traditional regulations. Bimos usually sing it at sacrificial ceremonies, prayers or funerals to direct the spirits of the deceased back to ancestorland while singers often sing it at jubilant celebrations, such as weddings, for the purpose of entertainment. Metaphors used at the latter occasions vary according to the context and functions of the singings as well as identity of the singers. Wide use of metaphors in the orally-transmitted Yi poems effectively enrich their emotional exposure, vitalize their narrative imagery and enhance their expressive power.
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    Bottleneck and Breakthrough: Protective Protection and Development of the Dai Brocade of Xishuangbanna- Taking Brocade of Xishuangbanna as Example
    HAO Yunhua, SU Ting
    2021, 36(6):  14-20. 
    Abstract ( 36 )   PDF (1627KB) ( 11 )  
    Traditional handicrafts of the Dai people usually have long history, high artistic value, cultural value and distinctive national traits. Based on several field investigations of brocade of the Dai, this paper first analyzes cases of current productive protection of traditional Dai brocade of Xishuangbanna, then proceeds to sum up some methods for productive protection and inheritance of traditional brocade techniques of the Dai people before finally attempting to suggest a reference-worthy theoretic basis and some feasible methods for productive protection of Dai brocade, hoping that the State, the local government, the inheritance subject, non-governmental organizations and other sectors should take joint efforts to promote development of Dai brocade to help local economic growth of areas inhabited by minority ethnic groups to inherit and advance their national cultures.
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    Symbolic Meaning of Dao in Ceremonies of the Ethnic Minorities in Southwest China Unscrambled- Centered on the Jingpo Nationality
    HU Lin
    2021, 36(6):  21-28. 
    Abstract ( 22 )   PDF (1694KB) ( 12 )  
    Dao, Chinese for knife, sword, or sabre, is used so widely in the production and life of the ethnic minorities in southwest China that a colorful dao culture has developed, especially with the Jingpo whose dao culture has rich connotations and special features. As a symbol of masculinity, wizardry and vitality, Jingpo dao has the functions of protecting babies, maintaining marriages and escorting the deceased in life rituals such as birth, weddings and funerals. It also functions to expel evil spirits, protect the village and build a sacred space in mass sacrificial ceremonies such as exorcism ceremonies, ancestor-worshiping celebrations and a local traditional ceremony called munao zongge. Analyzing the dao culture of the ethnic minorities in southwest China from the perspective of ceremonial symbol is instructive to understand their production activities, national customs, beliefs, ideology and national spirit.
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    Local CPC History Studies
    The Development Process and Great Achievements of the Communist Party of China in Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture
    ZHANG Jinfu
    2021, 36(6):  29-38. 
    Abstract ( 37 )   PDF (1566KB) ( 12 )  
    : Since the 1920s, under the leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC), people of all ethnic groups in Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture carried out arduous, undaunted and indomitable heroic struggle for national independence and liberation of all the people, composing a moving and splendid chapter in the history of revolutionary struggle of China. The history of the revolutionary struggle and socialist construction of all the people in Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture under the leadership of CPC is the greatest and most glorious chapter of the local history and an integral part of the history of the CPC. After the Third Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Party in 1978, the Prefectural CPC Committee and the Prefectural People’s Government of Chuxiong adopted earnest measures to implement the policies and principles of the CPC Central Committee, embarking on a road of reform and development of Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture. Since the 18th CPC National Congress in 2012, the “Party Construction” of Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture has taken up a new outlook. Remarkable results have been attained in full and strict governance over the Party, political ecology has been improving and historical achievements have been attained in the construction of an all-round well-being society.
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    Yang Zhengfang as an “Underground CPC Member” and His Revolutionary Spirit (III)
    LI Jinlian
    2021, 36(6):  39-55. 
    Abstract ( 10 )   PDF (1696KB) ( 3 )  
    Yang Zhengfang was a proletarian revolutionary activist of considerable achievements in Chuxiong and even the whole western and north-western parts of Yunnan Province. Even when he was a student of Zhennan Provincial Normal School (ZPNS), he enrolled dozens of members of the National Liberation Pioneers of China (NLP) and underground CPC members, who were sent all over the ZPNS regions to continue publicity efforts against the Japanese aggression for the salvation of China. Due to mis-judgment of the situation in these regions, the CPC Working Committee of Yunnan Province cut the organizational connection with Yang, resulting in loss of contact with a number of CPC members. Even in the darkest days after the Southern Anhui Incident in early 1941, Yang did not lose his faith and continued his work independently while trying to resume connection with the CPC organizations. His efforts laid a solid foundation for the later integration of the revolutionary armed forces in these regions.
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    Education & Teaching Studies
    A Comparison of Multiliteracies Development between British Undergraduates and Chinese Undergraduates
    FANG Juhua
    2021, 36(6):  56-62. 
    Abstract ( 10 )   PDF (1560KB) ( 6 )  
    In the digital age, language is multimodal that calls for diverse literacy. Multiliteracies include not only text literacy, image literacy or sound literacy, but also technology literacy and critical literacy. By adopting questionnaire and classroom observation methods, the author surveys one random sample of undergraduates in the U.K. and another in China and compares their multiliteracies. The findings show that 1) British undergraduates (BU) outscore Chinese undergraduates (CU) in applying multiliteracies; 2) the two samples differ in development of multimodal reading strategy, multimodal design strategy and new media literacy; and 3) multiliteracies schooling of the U.K. differs from that of China in combination of multiliteracies with most disciplines and the integration of transformative practice into society. Based on the survey results, suggestions are proposed to enhance multiliteracies of Chinese students in teaching.
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    On Practice and Exploration of Reform of Practical Interactive Teaching Method-Taking as Example the Course of “Ideological and Moral Cultivation and Law Basics”
    CHEN Yong
    2021, 36(6):  63-73. 
    Abstract ( 9 )   PDF (1671KB) ( 14 )  
    Thanks to advances in areas such as information technology, the Internet, big data and cloud computing, trans-generational intersubjectivity is now made possible that can, in return, provide foundation, both theoretical and practical, for T2S and S2S interaction in teaching. Being advanced, innovative and challenging, golden courses or 1st-class courses require that practical activities in and after class be involved to strengthen cultivation of comprehensive ability of the students. At Chuxiong Normal University, great results have been achieved in the course of “Ideological and Moral Cultivation and Law Basics” by adopting the principles of “putting the students in the central position,” “giving teachers the leading roles,” “emphasizing both theory and practice,” “paying equal attention to knowledge and ability,” “combining online and offline teaching” and “evaluating on bases of both process and result” in reform of practical interactive teaching method. At the moment, this reform is still improving itself in strengthening curriculum design, integrating offline teaching content, optimizing teaching process, improving existing evaluation methods and other aspects.
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    Research on Approaches to Integrating Moral Elements of Ideological and Political Education into University P.E. and Their Implementation Strategies
    ZHANG Sha, TANG Lei
    2021, 36(6):  74-79. 
    Abstract ( 10 )   PDF (1531KB) ( 5 )  
    General Secretary Xi Jinping observed at the National Conference on Ideological and Political Work in Colleges and Universities that “the central principle of establishing moral standard to develop talents should be adhered to and ideological and political work should be carried out throughout the whole process of education and teaching,” pointing out the development direction of ideological and political education in universities. P.E. is a compulsory university discipline and can, therefore, play a non-negligible role in implementing ideological and political education and the three-comprehensive-talent-cultivation strategy. Departing from moral elements, this paper presents the authors’ reflections on reform and innovation regarding modes of ideological and political education in P.E. under the current ideological and political education system by elaborating on three aspects of university P.E. and ideological and political education: 1) connotation and their relationship; 2) exploration in approaches to integrating moral elements into ideological and political education in P.E.; and 3) implementation strategies of the above mentioned approaches.
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    On Approaches to Cultivating Core P.E. Qualities of Senior Middle School Students in the New Era
    ZHAO Hui
    2021, 36(6):  80-84. 
    Abstract ( 10 )   PDF (1515KB) ( 3 )  
    Employing literature review, expert interview, logical analysis and other methods and taking into consideration the concept of core qualities of the course of P.E., this study analyzes university P.E. and out-of-university exercises to suggest reasonable cultivation approaches. The author contends that university P.E. is the principal channel for cultivating core qualities, classroom teaching the major venue, after-class exercises the catalyst, after-class sport competitions the necessary requirement and out-of-university sports, likewise, can play an internalizing role in cultivating P.E. core qualities of the students. The author proceeds to suggest that 1) classroom teaching objectives oriented towards P.E. core qualities be created in terms of teaching strategy to highlight structural characteristics of P.E. courses; 2) question-based, exploration-oriented, competition-centered and various other P.E. learning situations be created to stimulate learning interest of the students; and 3) diversified evaluation systems characterized by plural subject, content diversity as well as combination of quantity with direction and process with result be established to stimulate learning initiative of the students.
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    A Study on Topic Design for Undergraduate Graduation Thesis for English Majors of Local Universities-A Case Study of Chuxiong Normal University
    YU Dandan
    2021, 36(6):  85-89. 
    Abstract ( 29 )   PDF (1615KB) ( 8 )  
    Topic design is the first step to writing a graduation thesis, and selecting an appropriate topic determines quality of the thesis. Based on analysis of topics of 351 undergraduate graduation theses of English majors in Chuxiong Normal University, this paper first identifies some existing problems, such as insufficient innovation, high repetitive rate, and inappropriate selection of broad but unspecific topics, then proceeds to suggest some constructive countermeasures, including laying emphasis on curriculum construction of major courses, strengthening teachers' guidance and supervision in the process of topic selection and attaching importance to practical activities and professional internships, so as to cultivate the students’ research awareness and improve their critical thinking.
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    Towards Integrating British and American Literature into College English Teaching
    WANG Yufen
    2021, 36(6):  90-95. 
    Abstract ( 12 )   PDF (1601KB) ( 8 )  
    Integrating British and American literature into College English teaching can stimulate the students’ interest in learning English, enhance their intrinsic motivation in study, make classroom teaching more interesting, raise teaching efficiency, open a window to both western culture and literature before the students, and improve their cross-cultural communication ability. In addition, the students will grow empathetic with the healthy behaviors and emotions advocated in the literary works and even consequently develop positive values, such as humanistic spirit and benevolent character. In this way, the ideological and political functions of College English will be demonstrated. It is, therefore, necessary to integrate British and American literature into College English teaching, more as an effective way to implement ideological and political education in College English than as a mere way to show the humanist nature of the course.
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    A Study on Online and Offline Blended Teaching of Thai Basic Based on the OBE Notion
    ZHOU Xiaoyan
    2021, 36(6):  96-100. 
    Abstract ( 18 )   PDF (1631KB) ( 10 )  
    Thai is not a lingua franca, so to apply to it the outcome based education (OBE) approach to enable online and offline blended teaching is an innovation to its traditional teaching method. The author chooses Thai Basic, the core course of the Thai language, and two grades of Thai majors as research samples to analyze performance differences and satisfaction. Meanwhile, to shed some light on reform of Thai teaching, exploration and practice have been carried out from four aspects: 1) current status and existing problems of the course; 2) structure of online and offline blended teaching mode; 3) practice data analysis of online and offline blended teaching mode; and 4) matters worth of attention when applying online and offline blended teaching mode to Thai Basic.
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    Development of Training Transfer Design Evaluation Scale for Primary and Middle School Teachers
    XIE Lidong, ZHAO Yunlong, LI Lei YIN Shaoqing
    2021, 36(6):  101-106. 
    Abstract ( 10 )   PDF (1549KB) ( 31 )  
    The evaluation scale for training transfer design for primary and middle school teachers is able to evaluate the degree of support that training design can provide to the trainee teachers when transferring and applying what they learn. Consulting currently available research at home and abroad, the authors developed the draft scale, which, after being reviewed by experts, was used to test 341 primary and middle school teachers. Based on the test results, the factorial structure and measurement items were determined and the reliability and validity tested. The results show that the scale is mono-dimensional and includes 12 measurement items, both its reliability and validity are satisfactory and it can be used as a tool to measure the quality of post-service training transfer design for primary and middle school teachers.
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    Survey on Curriculum Design and Post Adaptation for Pre-school Education Majors
    MA Niluo, CAO Nengxiu, LI Jianhui
    2021, 36(6):  107-113. 
    Abstract ( 16 )   PDF (1554KB) ( 3 )  
    Curriculum is the decisive factor for objectives and quality of graduate cultivation. The authors carried out a questionnaire survey on 213 practicing pre-school education majors of classes of 2019 and 2020 of Chuxiong Normal University regarding curriculum and post adaptation. The survey identified some existing problems: disagreement between curriculum in university and post requirements in society, difficulty for the students to adapt to the posts due to lack of practice and skill, and incapability to assume compound posts. Based on analysis of the above problems, the following solutions are suggested: 1) integrating existing courses and adhering to the U-C-K teaching mode; 2) adopting through-practice in teaching and adjusting weighted skill courses; and 3) steering to the ability orientation to create brand-name professional learning activities.
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    Infiltration of Practical Teaching in the Course of Higher Algebra
    HE Jianfeng
    2021, 36(6):  114-117. 
    Abstract ( 14 )   PDF (1548KB) ( 3 )  
    This paper analyzes practice content in higher algebra textbooks at present, discusses the necessity to increase practical teaching content, and proposes four suggestions regarding infiltration of practical teaching in the course of Higher Algebra.
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    Exploration and Achievement of Teaching Reform of Basic Chemistry as a Science Education Major Course
    YANG Yanqiong
    2021, 36(6):  118-123. 
    Abstract ( 12 )   PDF (2016KB) ( 3 )  
    Basic Chemistry and Experiment is one of the four core compulsory science courses of School of Resources, Environment & Chemistry, Chuxiong Normal University. In addition to the fact that it is offered in the first year when the thinking and learning method of the students still stay at middle school, the abstract theories and increased difficulty make it a course really hard to teach. After analyzing the problems from three aspects-teachers, students and teaching content-the paper suggests four measures for improvement-helping the students with mental problems, improving teaching methods, applying course ideological and political education, and imparting learning experience. These measures have now been implemented and positive results have been achieved.
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    Research on Current Status and Countermeasures of Sense of Belonging of Rural Primary School Teachers in Yunnan Province
    HUANG Dexing, SONG Mengyuan, YU Juan, YANG Yanqiong, XU Chengdong
    2021, 36(6):  124-132. 
    Abstract ( 21 )   PDF (1611KB) ( 10 )  
    Sense of belonging to a certain school determines whether teachers of rural primary schools will stay to teach. A survey was conducted to study the current degree of sense of belonging of rural primary school teachers in Yunnan Province and the reasons underlying their leaving. The survey finds that rural primary school teacher in Yunnan Province have a strong sense of belonging in general but its degree varies widely across individual teachers. Factors determining whether they will stay or leave include children’s education, teaching conditions, transportation, future development and other family issues. To foster their sense of belonging so that they stay, the authors suggest the following countermeasures 1) recruiting teachers competent in primary school teaching with appropriate diplomas; 2) cultivating young teachers while paying attention to their physical, psychological health and family issues; 3) enabling rural teachers to see the value of their work and themselves; 4) keeping in touch with and taking care of their children to alleviate their anxiety; 5) improving conditions of rural schools and living environment in the vicinity; 6) adopting more reasonable and flexible personnel allocation to rural teaching posts; and 7) paying greater attention to development of local normal colleges and universities and offering normal education programs in such higher education institutions to cultivate greater sense of belonging in their graduates.
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    Construction of First-class Statistics Course under the “Three-combination” Teaching Mode
    MEI Ying
    2021, 36(6):  133-139. 
    Abstract ( 8 )   PDF (1869KB) ( 3 )  
    Firstly, learning of the students was analyzed to understand the physiology, psychology, cognition, learning status as well as common and individual characteristics of management and economics majors in learning the course Statistics. Secondly, a new teaching mode-three-combination teaching mode-was created to tackle some of the key problems in curriculum and teaching reform, i.e. weakness in basics of mathematical statistics, lack of practical application, and difficulty in integrating basic and specific knowledge. Purposes of combination of these three pairs of aspects-combination of methodological characteristics and methodology field of the course of Statistics, combination of textbook theory and local practice, and combination of school classroom and extended classroom-are to make sure that the students are put in the central position and the results will be followed as guidelines, so that improvement can be sustained and course ideological and political education can be integrated, and the spirit of patriotism, dedication and responsibility can be cultivated in the students. Finally, the statistics ability of the students can improve to make sure that they have expertise and are application-ready to assume both economics and managerial posts to meet social needs of constructing new Yunnan and the frontier areas.
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    Construction, Practice and Evaluation of 3-Dimensional and Research-oriented Teaching of Consumer Behavior
    XU Mingxiang, WANG Yanmei
    2021, 36(6):  140-146. 
    Abstract ( 15 )   PDF (1590KB) ( 12 )  
    Research-oriented teaching is an effective approach to promoting construction of first-class courses as well as innovating, entrepreneuring and researching ability of students of newly-founded universities. Using Consumer Behavior as the practice vehicle, the project team constructed and practiced the OMO teaching based on rain classroom, innovation and entrepreneuring based on project and competition and the 3-in-1 3-dimensional research-oriented teaching based on in-depth exploration of science project. The questionnaire survey shows that the students hold positive attitude towards cognition, behavior and result of research-oriented teaching, indicating that major courses offered in the research-oriented method can increase interest, interactiveness and response so as to promote the students’ innovating and entrepreneuring ability, increase their professional operational ability, and cultivate their research ability in identifying, analyzing and solving problems. The negative attitude of a minority of the students towards promotion of research-oriented teaching, especially the problem of systematic “glass ceiling” encountered in wide-spread promotion of the above mentioned teaching method, however, should be given adequate attention. It is desirable that the system problems of both the teaching side and learning side be solved through the construction and integration mechanism of the concerned parties.
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    Implementation Plan Design of Online and Offline Blended Teaching Mode Based on SPOC-Taking the Course Electrical Control and PLC Technology as Example
    XIAO Lixian, WANG Jianqiu SHU Hong
    2021, 36(6):  147-150. 
    Abstract ( 18 )   PDF (1695KB) ( 5 )  
    Applying information technology to reforming traditional classroom teaching modes is one of the most effective measures to improve teaching quality of local application-oriented universities. Taking the course Electrical Control and PLC Technology as example and based on construction of online teaching platform, this paper presents the authors’ re-design of teaching modes and strategies. The implementation plan of the re-designed online and offline blended teaching enables reasonable utilization of Internet+ in teaching by making the best use of information technology and mobile communication devices to explore new teaching modes of higher teaching quality.
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    Practical Research on “Smart Teaching” of College Physics
    ZHU Feixia, XIANG Wenli, YIN Dedu, ZHU Hong
    2021, 36(6):  151-155. 
    Abstract ( 11 )   PDF (1680KB) ( 3 )  
    In the Internet+ era where university education and the Internet are highly integrated, information-based teaching becomes the inevitable direction for college physics teaching reform. To some degree, bullet screen, random roll call, real-time test, etc. supported by micro-assistant, rain classroom and other intelligent teaching tools can solve problems of college physics teaching. Practice has proven that curriculum reform is of practical significance as it can motivate the students to learn more.
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    Design and Implementation of University Flipped Classroom Supported by “Rain Classroom + BYOD”
    HUANG Chunmei
    2021, 36(6):  156-160. 
    Abstract ( 10 )   PDF (1662KB) ( 4 )  
    To effectively improve information-based teaching ability of pre-service teachers, especially the operational ability of educational technology, this paper, based on technological support of rain classroom and BYOD and departing from advantages and problems in flipped classroom, designs flipped classroom teaching plans supported by rain classroom and BYOD with the course Modern Educational Technology as example, gives an in-depth analysis of the characteristics of the plan and, finally, sums up five problems worth of attention when organizing flipped classroom teaching.
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